Mobilization of Cadmium

M. Mench and E. Martin, Mobilization of cadmium and other metals from two soils by root exudates of Zea mays L., Nicotiana tabacum L. and Nicotiana rustica L. Plant Soil I32 %1 (1991). 

Lodenius M, Autio S. 1989. Effects of acidification on the mobilization of cadmium and mercury from soils. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 18(l-2) 261-267. 

Keeney, D.R. 1973. The nitrogen cycle in sediment water systems. J. Environ. Anal. 2 15-29. Khalid, R.A. 1980. Chemical mobility of cadmium in sediment-water systems, p. 258-294. In... 

Case Studyi Mobilization of Cadmium from Tidal River Segments... 

Khalid, R.A. (1980) Chemical mobility of cadmium in sediment-water... 

Treatment of chronic cadmium toxicity is by removal from exposure. The use of chelating agents is not recommended because mobilization of cadmium may ciiuse renal datnage. 

As for the exchangeable fractions of cadmium, the influence of the microbial effect was same for the soils under the influence of root exudates (Fig. 11) and root pad (Fig. 12), for example, microbial activity facilitated the mobilization of cadmium in the soil rhizosphere ( + and bars). Even though both root pad and addition of root exudate caused increases in the exchangeable copper fractions (as shown by -I- in Figs. 11 and 12), the effects of microbial activity were in opposite directions in the two cases. It appears that microorganisms inhibited the copper mobilization in the rhizobox but accelerated the change in the soil receiving root exudate. 

Results for Cd (Table 1 and Fig. 3) indicate that Cd is only extracted after the first (65%), second (20%) and fourth phase (15%). The highest amount of this metal (65%) is non-selectively bound to various substrates in soil and sediments, and represents a threat for the environment because of the great toxicity of this metal. Results for the second phase (20%) indicate that some Cd was bound with carbonates and Mn-hydroxides in these samples, and that with slight pH and ionic strength changes the mobility of cadmium will rise. 

The effects of cadmium on experimental animals and humans involve multiple organ systems and many mechanisms have been presented to explain these effects. Due to continued mobilization of cadmium in the... 

Stationary phase Natural cultivated soil. Mobile phase Distilled water. Conditions Ascending technique, layer thickness O.S mm, soil mesh size 160 nt, loading volume S /ui of 0.1 M CaClj prepared in methanol, run 10 cm. Remarks The hRj value of cadmium varied from 14 to 100 indicating the significant influence of the soil properties (pH, C/N CEC, Na, K. Ca, Mg and organic matter etc.) on the mobility of cadmium through soil. 

Christensen J. B., Jensen D. L., and Christensen T. H. (1996) Effect of dissolved organic carbon on the mobility of cadmium, nickel, and zinc in leachate polluted groundwater. Water Res. 30, 3037-3049. 

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