Mitchell theory

Mit65j B. Mitchell, Theory of categories. Pure and AppHed Mathematics, Vol. XVII, Academic Press, New York-London, 1965. 

P. Mitchell (Bodmin, Cornwall) contributions to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory. 

Mitchell s chemiosmotic theory postulates that the energy from oxidation of components in the respiratory chain is coupled to the translocation of hydrogen ions (protons, H+) from the inside to the outside of the inner mitochondrial membrane. The electrochemical potential difference resulting from the asymmetric dis-... 

Hammond, Mitchell. The religious roots of Paracelsus s medical theory. Arch Reformationsgeschichte 89 (1998) 7-21. 

P. Mitchell (Nobel Prize for Chemistry, 1978) explained these facts by his chemiosmotic theory. This theory is based on the ordering of successive oxidation processes into reaction sequences called loops. Each loop consists of two basic processes, one of which is oriented in the direction away from the matrix surface of the internal membrane into the intracristal space and connected with the transfer of electrons together with protons. The second process is oriented in the opposite direction and is connected with the transfer of electrons alone. Figure 6.27 depicts the first Mitchell loop, whose first step involves reduction of NAD+ (the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide) by the carbonaceous substrate, SH2. In this process, two electrons and two protons are transferred from the matrix space. The protons are accumulated in the intracristal space, while electrons are transferred in the opposite direction by the reduction of the oxidized form of the Fe-S protein. This reduces a further component of the electron transport chain on the matrix side of the membrane and the process is repeated. The final process is the reduction of molecular oxygen with the reduced form of cytochrome oxidase. It would appear that this reaction sequence includes not only loops but also a proton pump, i.e. an enzymatic system that can employ the energy of the redox step in the electron transfer chain for translocation of protons from the matrix space into the intracristal space. 

Israelachvilli JN, Mitchell DJ, and Ninham BW. 1976. Theory of self-assembly of hydrocarbon amphiphiles into micelles and bilayers. Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 2 Molecular and Chemical Physics 72 1525-1568. 

Mitchell, J. B. A. Guberman, S. (Eds.) Dissociative Recombination Theory, Experiment, and Applications World Singapore, 1989. 

In Mitchell s earliest physicochemical formulations of the chemiosmotic theory, any involvement of the membrane across which the proton gradient was established received little attention. Between 1961... 

Peter Mitchell Great Britain chemiosmotic theory... 

This mechanism was first described as the chemiosmotic theory of ATP generation, or the Mitchell hypothesis. 

Fontell K, Khan A, Lindstrom B, Maciejewska D, Puangngern S (1991) Phase-Equilibria and Structures in Ternary-Systems of a Cationic Surfactant (C16tabr or (C16ta)2so4), Alcohol, and Water. Colloid Polym Sci 269 727-742 Israelachvili JN, Mitchell DJ, Ninham BW (1977) Theory of Self-Assembly of Lipid Bilayers and Vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta 470 185-201... 

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