Miscellaneous preparations analysis

Initially, since the ionization efficiency was remarkably low in tissue section samples, miscellaneous biological molecules such as salt were included in the analysis, which posed a problem. To resolve it, it was necessary to increase the detector sensitivity of the MS device, and improvements in the preparation and pretreatment of tissue samples were very important. Our actions toward solving these problems in the past several years are described below. 

Miscellaneous Sample Preparation and Instrumental Analysis Techniques 203... 

Miscellaneous Sample Preparation AND Instrumental Analysis Techniques... 

B. Pawelec, J.L.G. Fierro, Applications of thermal analysis in the preparation of catalysts and in cdXdHysis,in Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 2, Applications to Inorganic and Miscellaneous Materials, ed. by M.E. Brown, P.K. Gallagher (Elsevier, The Netherlands, 2003)... 

Henrich developed a comprehensive TLC method for identification of surfactants in formulations (4). She specified two reversed-phase and four normal phase systems, with detection by fluorescence quenching, pinacryptol yellow and rhodamine B, and iodine. Prior to visualization, one plate was scanned with a densitometer at 254 nm, and UV reflectance spectra were recorded for each spot detected. Tables were prepared showing the Rf values of 150 standard surfactants in each of the six systems, along with the reflectance spectra and response to the visualizers. This system allows for systematic identification of compounds of a number of surfactant types (LAS, alcohol sulfates and ether sulfates, alkane sulfonates, sufosuccinate esters, phosphate compounds, AE, APE, ethoxylated sorbi-tan esters, mono- and dialkanolamides, EO/PO copolymers, amine oxides, quaternary amines, amphoterics and miscellaneous compounds). Supplementary analysis by normal phase HPLC aided in exactly characterizing ethoxylated compounds. For confirmation, the separated spots may be scraped from one of the silica gel plates and the surfactant extracted from the silica with methanol and identified by IR spectroscopy. 

One of the fields of polymer science for which FT-IR imaging has proved of extraordinary importance in terms of scientific and practical aspects is the analysis of phase separation in polymer blends. Blending of different polymers is a Ifequently used technique in industrial polymer production to optimize the material projrerties. As pointed out in Chapter 5.01, the mechanical properties of PHB can be enhanced by blending with FLA. For the preparation of the optimum blend, it has to be taken into account that the miscibility of different polymers depends on their concentration, the temperature, and their stmaural characteristics. Polymer blends of PHB and PLA have previously been analyzed with miscellaneous methods by several other researchers and in what follows the application of transmission FT-IR imaging will be demonstrated as an alternative approach toward a better tmderstanding of their chemical and physical properties. 

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