Miosis sarin

Genovese et al. (2008) characterized the miosis EC50 for sarin in a nonhuman primate (Afiican green monkey Chlorocebus aethiops) after 10 min exposures (Table 6.4). Evaluation of potential behavioral change by performance on a serial probe recognition test indicated no change from baseline for all subjects. No other clinical sign was observed. 

Van Helden, H.P.M., Trap, H.C., Kuipers, W.C., Oostdijk, J.P., Benschop H.P., Langenberg, J.P. (2004a). Low-level exposure of guinea pigs and marmosets to sarin vapour in air lowest-observable-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) for miosis. J. Appl. Toxicol. 24 59-68. 

Even though the lethal nerve agent exposure level for animals may be higher than that for humans, it is still possible that animals eould exhibit other nonlethal effects sooner and more notieeably than humans. Rabbits develop 90% miosis at a lower inhaled eoneentration of cyclohexyl sarin when compared to humans (2.71 mg.min/m versus 13.85 mg.min/m ) (NRC, 2003). 

The minimum effective dosage for miosis in man has been estimated between 2 and 4 mg min m The permissible airborne exposure concentration of sarin for an 8h workday or a 40 h work week is an 8 h time-weighted average (TWA) of 0.00003 mg m . ... 

Moylan-Jones, R. J., Thomas, D. P. (1973). Cyclopentolate in treatment of sarin miosis. British Journal of Pharmacology, 48, 309—313. 

Nerve (e.g., sarin)" About 1%/ CNS, neuromuscular Vomiting, diarrhea, miosis, nausea. 

A special issue from this Japanese experience are ocular effects of poisoning with sarin and their treatment. Some authors unsuccessfully treated strong miosis and consequential visual darkness with systemic atropine [15, 29], Others used 0.25% or 1.0% atropine sulphate eye drops, but these patients complained of atropine-induced photophobia and poor focusing [25], Our suggestion for optimal treatment of ocular manifestations of intoxication with organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitors is topical use of pralidoxime chloride eye drops instead of atropine [42], Ocular pain should be treated with tropicamide 0.5% [28],... 

Nerve - Cyclohexyl sarin (GF) - Sarin (GB) - Soman (GD) - Tabun (GA) - VX - Miosis (pinpoint pupils) - Copious secretions - Muscle twitching/ fasciculations - Miosis (pinpoint pupils) - Blurred/dim vision - Headache - Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea - Copious secretions/ sweating - Muscle twitching/ fasciculations - Breathing difficulty - Seizures... 

Contaminated patients pose a hazard to their attendants. Secondary contamination by contact with liquids or solids, e.g. powders, is an obvious risk, while off-gassing of volatile agents from clothing is, perhaps, less obvious. However, it was noted in the Tokyo subway incident (see Chapter 13) that hospital staff developed miosis as a result of exposure to sarin (GB) given off by patients clothing. The patients had themselves not been exposed to liquid sarin but only to sarin vapour and yet enough had been adsorbed... 

Spasm of the ciliary muscle may impair accommodation and is associated with severe headache. Long-lasting miosis, associated with eye pain, was a notable clinical sign in the Tokyo Subway (underground railway) terrorist attack with sarin and the same was true of the sarin attack at Matsumoto (Nohara and Segawa, 1996). 

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