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Minimum kill concentration

In order to provide a biostatic effect for any particular organism, nonoxidizers are required to be present at a certain minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and for a biocidal effect, at a minimum kill concentration... [Pg.212]

The plasmid expressing Tet repressor (pcDNA6/TR) has a blas-ticidin-resistance cassette, while the plasmid used for the shRNA conditional expression (pSuperior) confers resistance to puromycin. Therefore, before starting the procedures, these two antibiotics need to be titrated on the selected cell line to find out the minimum inhibitory concentration necessary to kill completely untransfected cells. [Pg.330]

The function r (E) can take various forms describing the natural growth of the cell population in the absence of drug [372,445], while g (c) can be either linear or nonlinear [435,446,447]. Due to the competitive character of the functions r (E) and g (c), the cell number vs. time plots are usually biphasic with the minimum effective concentration of drug being the major determinant for the killing or regrowth phases of the plot. [Pg.306]

In the laboratory, the relationship between an antimicrobial drug and a pathogen is described by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The MIC is the lowest drug concentration that inhibits bacterial growth. The MBC is the lowest drug concentration that kills 99.9% of the bacteria. [Pg.18]

Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) testing is required for the evaluation of novel antimicrobials. The MBC is the lowest concentration (in mg/L) of antimicrobial that results in >99.9% killing of the bacterium under test. The 99.9% cutoff is an arbitrary in vitro value with 95% confidence limits that has uncertain clinical relevance. [Pg.199]

MECHANISM OF ACTION The aminoglycoside antibiotics are rapidly bactericidal. Bacterial killing is concentration-dependent, but residual bactericidal activity persists even after the serum concentration has fallen below the minimum inhibitory concentration. These properties account for the efficacy of once-daily dosing regimens. [Pg.751]

The PD of antimicrobial dmgs against microorganisms comprises three main aspects spectmm of activity, bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity, and the type of killing action (i.e., concentration-dependent, time-dependent, or co-dependent). Each of these is discussed below. Also described are the PD indices—minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)—and the mechanisms of action of antimicrobial drugs. [Pg.5]

Those products that have good biocidal action against these microorganisms can be considered effective. Yet, surprisingly, many manufacturers of over-the-counter (OTC) formulations do not have documented evidence of effectiveness from in vitro studies [time-kill and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)] to support their label claims for preoperative skin preps. In vivo studies performed on human volunteers are designed to assure that the products are anti-microbially effective within 10 minutes of application and are antimicrobially persistent for up to 6 hours postapplication. [Pg.148]

To determine what microorganism types are susceptible to the antimicrobial soap product, as well as the rates of microbial inactivation, in vitro tests should be conducted. These include time-kill kinetic evaluations, minimum inhibition concentration evaluations, and microbial sensitivity tests. However, in order to determine the actual effectiveness, human-use studies must be conducted. There are three common ways of evaluating antimicrobial hand soaps (1) the health care personnel handwash evaluation, (2) the modified Cade handwash procedure, and (3) the general-use handwash evaluation. [Pg.241]

The general test criteria describe in vitro testing requirements for the antiseptic ingredient, the vehicle, and the final formulation. The proposed testing methods of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration study are described in the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) Manual M7, and the American Society for Microbiology time-kill study [2]. Researchers are encouraged to submit alternative test methods for approval. [Pg.363]

The minimum inhibition concentrations for Dichlorophen in Table 43 enlighten the activity spectrum of the compound obviously there is a gap for Pseudo-monades. The efficacy against yeasts and fungi is, however, strong and equalized. The optimal pH for bactericidal activity is 5-6. At that pH Staphylococcus aureus is killed totally at 20°C within 10 min through 250 mg Dichlorophen/litre. However, in the presence of serum the bactericidal concentration of Dichlorophen is much higher (>1000 mg/litre). There is a big discrepancy between bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity the latter is especially distinctive at pH 8. [Pg.190]

Questions concerning disinfectant activity of essential oils, for example, the minimum time needed to kill a given microbial species or the determination of microbial survivors after short time contact, are not answered by agar diffusion or DILs. In older literature, the killing concentration relative to phenol was determined after 15 or 30 min exposure of the respective microbials species to the compound to be tested. The so-called carboxylic acid coef cient or phenol coef cient was introduced in 1903 (Rideal and Walker, 1903) and was also taken for the characterization of the killing activity of essential oils toward microorganism (Martindale, 1910). [Pg.610]


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