Minimum charge weight

Table Vll shows how the process used to manufacture lead azide, or the consequent product, significantly affects the quantity required to initiate a standard secondary explosive, RDX, in the stab-sensitive detonator (Figure la). Dextrinated lead azide has a lower output because it is less compressible and has more diluent namely, 8.5% dextrin compared to the 3.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) [34] in RD 1333, 2% polyvinyl alcohol in PVA lead azide, and no binder in Service lead azide (see Chapters 1 and 2). This situation is shown quantitatively in Table VII, which shows the minimum charge weights of each...

Aranaz98 reports that the explosion of tetryl produces a temperature of 3339°. Tetryl is slightly more sensitive than picric acid, and considerably more sensitive than TNT, in the drop test. Experimenting with a 5-kilogram weight, Koehler found that a drop of 150 cm. caused the detonation of tetryl 10 times out of 10 trials, a drop of 100 cm. 9 times out of 10, of 50 cm. 5 times out of 10, and of 40 cm. 3 times out of 10. Martin99 has determined the minimum charges of various primary explosives necessary for the detonation of TNT and tetryl. The explosives were loaded into detonator capsules, and the initiators were compressed upon them at a pressure of 1100 kilos per square centimeter. 

The critical energy for spherical detonation ignition can be determined experimentally using the minimum HE charge weight. In particular, in [29] critical energy values measured in experiments with H2 + air stoichiometric were reported E = 4.6 kJ or = 6.3 kJ at initial temperature To = 298 K and pressure Pq = 0.1 MPa. The U-shaped relation between the initiation energy and the mixture... 

Approximately a minimum of 1 to 5,000 is required before complexation is no longer dependent on molecular weight for small anions such as KI and l-ariiLinonaphthaLine-8-sulfonate (ANS) (86,87). The latter anion is a fluorescent probe that, when bound in hydrophobic environments, will display increased fluorescence and, as expected, shows this effect in the presence of aqueous PVP. PVP, when complexed with Hl, shrinks in si2e as it loses hydrodynamic volume, possibly because of interchain complexation. ANS, on the other hand, causes the polymer to swell by charge repulsion because it behaves like a typical polyelectrolyte (88). 

Mulliken analysis shows there is some charge back-donation from the occupied orbitals of the ligand to the metal. On the basis of these data the preferred coordination mode arises from a delicate balance between these contributions. Two methods used attribute different weights to the ionic and covalent factors and thus result in a different absolute minimum. 

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