Mine Water Drainage

Another significant source of pollution due to coal recovery derives from mine drainage in both currently active and abandoned worked-out mines. 

---

Use Water conditioning (softening and complete deionization), recovery and concentration of metals, antibiotics, vitamins, organic bases, catalysis, de-colorization of sugar, manufacture of chemicals, neutralization of acid mine-water drainage, analytical chemistry, water treatment in nuclear reactors, pharmaceuticals. 

The pollution discharge of numerous heavy metals and specific organic compounds in this area could be attributed to mine-water drainage and sewage water from coking plants and mining industiy, as documented already by numerous former studies (e.g. LWA, 1982/1987/1991 LUA, 2000, Lippeverband 1975 Klos and Schoch, 1993a/b see Fig. 2). 

BioSURE A process for removing sulfate from acid mine water drainage by treatment with primary sewage sludge. Developed at Rhodes University, South Africa, and launched in 2005. 

Air or biological oxidation of pyrite leads to sulfate formation and dilute sulfuric acid in the mine drainage. This pollutes streams and the water supphes into which the mine water is drained. Means of controlling this problem are under study. 

Self-Test L.3B Many abandoned mines have exposed nearby communities to the problem of acid mine drainage. Certain minerals, such as pyrite (FeS,), decompose when exposed to air, forming solutions of sulfuric acid. The acidic mine water then drains into lakes and creeks, killing fish and other animals. At a mine in Colorado, a 16.45-mL sample of mine water was completely neutralized with 25.00 mL of 0.255 M KOH(aq). What is the molar concentration of H2S04 in the water ... 

Pepin G., Bussiere B., Aubertin M., Benzaazoua M., Plante B., Laflamme D., Zagury G.J. 2008. Field experimental cells to evaluate the potential of contaminated neutral drainage generation at the Tio mine Quebec, Canada. Proceedings of the 1(fh IMWA Mine Water and the Environment, Czech Republic, 309-312. 

Banks, D. 1994. The abandonment of the Killingdal sulphide mine, Norway a saga of acid mine drainage and radioactive waste disposal. Mine Water and the Environment, 13, 35-48. 

Munro, F.D., Clark, M.W. and McConchie, D. (2004) A Bauxsol -based permeable reactive barrier for the treatment of acid rock drainage. Mine Water and the Environment, 23(4), 183-94. 

Any liquid, gaseous or aerosolic waste discharged in the environment. Generally, it is a complex mixture. For example, wastewaters include mine water effluent, mill process effluent, tailings impoundment area effluent, treatment pond or treatment facility effluent, seepage and surface drainage. Volume 1(9,10,14), Volume 2(2,5). 

Kleinmann, R. L. P. 1985. Treatment of acid mine water by wetlands. In Control of Acid Mine Drainage. Bureau of Mines IC 9027, 61 pp. 

The chemical equilibria approach used in this study have enabled us to identify which parts of an acid mine drainage system are in equilibrium and which parts are not. Our results have provided greater insight into the chemical processes of acid mine waters in particular and the redox relations of iron in general. 

Ball J. W. and Nordstrom D. K. (1989) Final Revised Analyses of Major and Trace Elements from Acid Mine Waters in the Leviathan Mine Drainage Basin, California and Nevada— October, 1981 to October, 1982. US Geol. Surv. Water-Resour. Invest. Report 89-4138, 49pp. 

Kleinmann R. P. L., Edenbom H. M., and Hedin R. S. (1991) Biological treatment of mine water—an overview. In 2nd Int. Conf. Abatement of Acidic Drainage. MEND Secretariat, Tome, vol. 1, pp. 27-42. 

Ball, J. W., and Nordstrom, D. K.., 1985, Major and trace-element analyses of acid mine waters in the Leviathan Mine drainage basin, California/Nevada U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4169, 46 p. p. 

Figure 12.25 (a) Plot of log 1AP versus pH for 64 samples from a drainage basin affected by acid mine waters from the Leviathan mine, Cali-fornia-Nevada. Points shown as open squares have pH <4.6, plus symbols are those with pH >4.9. The solid lines are theoretical solubilities of amorphous AI(0H)3 and microcrystalline gibbsite. (b) Plot similar to (a) for acid mine drainage from Appalachia (solid circles) and Adirondack lake waters affected by acid precipitation (open circles). From Science 232 54-56, D. K. Nordstrom and J. W. Ball, The geochemical behavior of aluminum in acidified surface waters. Copyright 1986 by Science-AAAS. Used by permission. 

Kim, a. G. 1968. An experimental study of ferrous iron oxidation in acid mine water. Proc. 2d symp. coal mine drainage research, pp. 40-45. Monroeville, PA Bituminous Coal Research, Inc. 

Gurel et al. [134] drainage using a salicylaldoxime Pb removal from storage battery mine water Amount of organic solvents, external aqueous phase... 

A study of the chemistry of a small California stream that receives acid mine water (27) showed that above pH 4.9 the dissolved aluminum concentration appeared to be controlled by aluminum hydroxide solubility equilibria, but below pH 4.6 aluminum hydroxy-sulfates apparently predominated. This study also cited data for acid mine drainage in the Appalachian region and lakes affected by acid precipitation that showed a similar pattern of aluminum behavior. 

Zamzow, K.L. T.K. Tsukamoto G.C. Miller. Waste from biodiesel manufacturing as an inexpensive carbon source for bioreactors treating acid mine drainage. Mine Water Environ. 2006, 25, 163-170. 

Ground surface subsidence is also an important environmental issue in mining industry. Liu et al. (1999) reported a numerical study on ground surface deformation and subsidence due to water drainage in a large-scale open-pit coalmine, using random media theory, Markov Chain principles and superposition techniques. The predicted and the... 

Volcanoes are the main natural sources of antimony, while smelters and coal-fired power plants are the principal human sources. In addition, wind-borne dust particles and water drainage from mine-waste dumps may be important sources of the spread of the element in Sb-mining zones (Protano and Riccobono, 1997b). 

---