Milled produces fiber

A commercial fractionation process in which groats are dry-milled and the comminuted groats are soaked in a solution of cellulases and hemicellulases has been developed.9 In addition to the starch the process produces fiber and protein fractions. Unlike wheat starch, oat starch cannot be separated from the grain by selective hydration and centrifugation, because of hydrated bran and protein layers. 

Fiber and Shell. The palm oil mill uses fiber and shell as boiler fuel to produce steam for electricity generation and palm oil and kernel production processes. The fiber and shell alone can supply more than enough electricity to meet the energy demand of a palm oil mill. It is estimated that about 20 kWh (lower for higher-capacity mill) of electrical energy is required to process 1 ton of FFB. 

Pulp and paper mills produce chemical, mechanical, and thermomechanical pulps to form paper, building papers, and form paper. Pulp is made by chemically or mechanically separating wood fibers from nonfibrous material. The typical process uses sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide to dissolve the nonfibrous material. Chlorine gas, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, and sodium peroxide can be used to bleach the paper. 

Both fiber producers and fabric mills have realized that many of the performance variants that are difficult to iacorporate iato fiber melt spinning can be accompHshed by post-treating yams or fabrics. Mills ia the 1990s can apply flame retardants, softeners, dye-fade inhibitors, and stain- and soil-resisting agents as part of the finishing of a fabric. 

The recovery of fiber from broke (off-specification paper or trim produced in the paper mill) is compHcated by high levels of urea—formaldehyde and melamine—formaldehyde wet-strength resin. The urea resins present a lesser problem than the melamine resins because they cure slower and are not as resistant to hydrolysis. Broke from either resin treatment may be reclaimed by hot acidic repulping. Even the melamine resin is hydrolyzed rapidly under acidic conditions at high temperature. The cellulose is far more resistant and is not harmed if the acid is neutralized as soon as repulping is complete. 

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