Radionuclide migration

Chapter 6 was concerned, with determining the probability of various failures leading to insufficient core cooling of a nuclear reactor. This chapter describes how the accident effects are calculated as the accident progresses from radionuclide release, radionuclide migration within the plant, escape from retaining structures, atmospheric radionuclide transport and the public health effects. 

This equation has been used for estimating migration velocities of radionuclides (e.g. 66). Here Pr is the density of the rock (kg/m3), p the density of water, e the fissure porosity, af the specific surface of fissures in the bedrock (m2/m3) and ap the specific surface of particles used in the Kd determinations (m2/m3). The distribution coefficient Kd represents ar. equilibrium value for the particular rock under the pertinent conditions. 

Environmental Migration of Long-lived Radionuclides" International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna, 1982. 

Wahlgren, M.A. and Orlandini, K.A., "Environmental Migration of Long-Lived Radionuclides" STI/PUB/597, International Atomic-Energy Agency, 1982, pp. 757-774. 

Jensen, B. S. RIS-Report on Critical review of available information on migration phenomena of radionuclides into the geosphere, 1981. 

Saltelli, A. Avogadro, A. Bertozzi, G. "Proc. Workshop on the Migration of Long-lived Radionuclides in the Geosphere" OECD/NEA Paris, 1979 p 147. 

Ivanovich M (1991) Aspects of uranium-tliorium series disequilibrium applications to radionuclide migration studies. Radiochim Acta 52/53 257-268... 

Sorption can significantly diminish the mobility of certain dissolved components in solution, especially those present in minor amounts. Sorption, for example, may retard the spread of radionuclides near a radioactive waste repository or the migration of contaminants away from a polluting landfill (see Chapters 21 and 32). In acid mine drainages, ferric oxide sorbs heavy metals from surface water, helping limit their downstream movement (see Chapter 31). A geochemical model useful in investigating such cases must provide an accurate assessment of the effects of surface reactions. 

Table 32.12 Time Required to Transport Selected Radionuclides Added into Marine Waters at Surface out of the Upper Mixed Layer by Biological Transport (Processes include diurnal vertical migration, fecal pellets, and sinking of dead matter.)...

YanchukV., Kolodnytsky M., Kovalchuk A., Levitsky V., Orlov O. Methods and tools of mathematical modeling of radionuclides migration in natural ecosystems Vol 1,2.-Zhytomyr ZIET, 2002. 

Yang HS, Nozaki Y, Sakai H, et al. 1986. Natural and man made radionuclide distributions in Northwest Pacific deep sea sediments Rates of sedimentation, bioturbation and radium-226 migration. Geochem J 20 29-40. 

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