Microwaves power density

Table 11.1. Physical properties of hydrocarbon films deposited with a remote electron cyclotron resonance plasma from three different C2Hz source gases at three different dc self-bias voltages 1% np represents the parallel component of the real part of the refractive index as measured by in situ ellipsometry. The film composition is obtained from ion-beam analysis. The total particle number densities nc and n-H are calculated from the stoichiometry and the film thickness. Deposition parameters pressure p = 0.2 Pa adjusted with gas flow at constant pumping speed, absorbed microwave power density P = 10 kW nT3 [17]...

Figure 1 shows that there is an increase in drying rate because of the microwave power density. 

Adedeji et al. (2009) precooked chicken nuggets in microwave at different power levels and reported a tremendous reduction in oil uptake and a significant change in moisture loss in the fried products when a lower level of microwave power density... 

Here, T is the saturation temperature of water at the prevailing pressure, and is the absorbed microwave power (in W). The equations were derived for mass-specific microwave power densities from 3.5 Wg to 18.7 Wg. ... 

The penetration depth (Dp) of the materials used to denote the depth at which the power density of microwave irradiation is reduced to 37% (i.e., 1/e) of its initial value at the surface of the material. It is proportional to the wavelength of the radiation and depends on the dielectric properties of the material. For lossy dielectrics (e"/e 1) the... 

In May 2006, the University of Neuchatel in Switzerland announced a technique using a film created for use in space that yields power densities of 3,200 watts per kilogram. There is also interest in SSP in Japan, where the JAXA space agency has hopes to launch a satellite that will spread into a sizable solar array capable of beaming 100-kilowatts of microwave or laser power to Earth. 

Human subjects, whose heads were irradiated with rectangular pulse modulated microwave energy with peak incident power density on the order of 300 mW/cm, perceived an audible sound. The frequencies of these microwaves ranged from 200 to 3000 MHz, while the pulsewidths varied from 1 to 150 js (1,6,9,10,11). The sensation appeared as a barely audible click, buzz or chirp depending on such factors as pulsewidth and repetition frequency of the incident radiation, and usually was perceived as originating from within or near the head. When earplugs were used to attenuate ambient noise, the subject would indicate an apparent increase in the level of microwave-induced sound. The sensation occurred instantaneously and was independent of the subject s orientation in the microwave field. 

In Figure 10.18, the nucleation density due to BEN is shown as a function of the substrate temperature [232] under conditions given in Table H.l. Note, however, that since was dependent on the input microwave power in the reactor used, the plasma condition was different for different T. It should also be noted... 

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