Microwave organic chemistry

Anyway, there have been two very hot topics in chemistry lately clay microwaves. Both have been shown to do remarkable things in preparative organic chemistry. And this article Strike has [58], has combined both to produce some stunning reductive ami-nations of ketones to final amine products. The procedure involves mixing naked ketone, the amine, some clay and some NaBH4 in a beaker and zapping it in the microwave for only a couple of minutes. That s it. The general procedure is as follows ... 

Microwave technology has now matured into an established technique in laboratory-scale organic synthesis. In addition, the application of microwave heating in microreactors is currently being investigated in organic synthesis reactions [9-11] and heterogeneous catalysis [12, 13]. However, most examples of microwave-assisted chemistry published until now have been performed on a... 

Lu, C. and Shen, B. (2010) Electrochemical characteristics of LiNijy 3Coi/3Mni/302 powders prepared from microwave-hydrothermally derived precursors. Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, 497, 159-165. 

J. P. Tierney, P. Lidstrom, Microwave Assisted Organic Chemistry, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 2004. 

Fig. 1.1 Publications on microwave-assisted organic synthesis (1986-2004). Cray graphs Number of articles involving MAOS for seven selected synthetic organic chemistry journals ( J. Org. Chem, Org. Lett., Tetrahedron, Tetrahedron Lett., Synth. Commun., Synthesis, Synlett ...

Teaching Lab Kit (Fig. 3.5) This is a basic rotor for standard organic reactions allowing an introduction to microwave-mediated chemistry in teaching laboratories. It is designed for 16 x 20 mL glass vessels with operation limits of 1.5 bar and ca. 150 °C. 

Most examples of microwave-assisted chemistry published to date and presented in this book (see Chapters 6 and 7) were performed on a scale of less than 1 g (typically 1-5 mL reaction volume). This is in part a consequence of the recent availability of single-mode microwave reactors that allow the safe processing of small reaction volumes under sealed-vessel conditions by microwave irradiation (see Chapter 3). While these instruments have been very successful for small-scale organic synthesis, it is clear that for microwave-assisted synthesis to become a fully accepted technology in the future there is a need to develop larger scale MAOS techniques that can ultimately routinely provide products on a multi kg (or even higher) scale. 

B. M. Glass, A. P. Combs, Rapid Parallel Synthesis Utilizing Microwave Irradiation Article E0027, Fifth International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry" (Eds. C. O. Kappe, P. Merino, A. Marzinzik, H. Wennemers, T. Wirth, J. J. Vanden Eynde, S.-K. Lin), CD-ROM edition,... 

Microwave-assisted Organic Chemistry in Pressurized Reactors... 

Microwave (MW) activation as an unconventional energy source has become very popular and useful technology in organic chemistry, as shown recently in an exhaustive review [1], The annual number of publications on microwave-assisted organic chemistry is growing rapidly with more than thousand publications in print since the pioneering work of Gedye [2] in 1986 (Fig. 3.1). 

C. R. Strauss, Microwave-assisted Organic Chemistry in Pressurized Reactors, this book, Chapt. 2. 

Aziridines, the smallest heterocycles, are an important class of compounds in organic chemistry. Interesting access [8] to aziridines by using Bromamine-T as a source of nitrogen in the copper (Il)-catalyzed aziridination of olefins in MeCN was recently reported. Application of microwaves has resulted in enhanced yields for aziridines [9] with short reaction times (Scheme 8.5). 

The successful application of microwave irradiation in chemistry dates from 1975 [2], Several examples have been described in analytical [3], environmental [3a, 4], and materials and inorganic chemistry [5], radiochemistry [6], and organometallic [7] and organic chemistry [8],... 

Microwave organic reaction enhancement (MORE) chemistry was described by Bose as a safe and convenient alternative to pressure reactions and modified microwave ovens [20]. 

Transition Metal Catalysis and Microwave Flash Heating in Organic Chemistry... 

The use of microwave techniques introduces unique challenges in safety considerations. Guidelines for the use of microwave systems in the analytical laboratory have been published and most of these also apply to microwave-assisted organic chemistry [13]. The health hazards of microwave radiation are also still under investigation, and it is not yet known whether or not low level exposure is detrimental. Recom-... 

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