Microvascular density

Anti-tumor activity of bevacizumab has been reported in various preclinical animal models (primary and metastatic) with a broad array of tumor types [106, 107]. Clinical studies have further validated the focal role of VEGF in cancer. A single infusion of bevacizumab at 5 mg/kg in patients with primary and locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the rectum demonstrated direct and rapid antivascular effect in human tumors, with decreases in tumor perfusion, vascular volume, microvascular density, and interstitial pressure [108]. Clinical efficacy of bevacizumab in combination with 5-FU- and irinotecan-based regimens has been demonstrated in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer a significant improvement in overall survival time was observed compared with chemotherapy alone (20.3 versus 15.6 months for chemotherapy plus bevacizumab versus chemotherapy alone) [109]. 

Looking at the results of both preclinical and clinical studies, we recognize the potential of cardiac cell transplantation to alter outcomes. However, we have to admit that in most cases, we do not understand how different cell types improve LV function. Increases in microvascular density, diastolic and systolic function, and an attenuated remodeling, are all reported after the application of many different cell types, but the exact mechanisms are unclear. Only a few studies address the elec-trophysiologic fate of the injected cells (71,72). In these studies, skeletal myoblasts were found to be isolated from the surrounding myocardium, and they underwent severe... 

R. Hamanaka, K. Kohno, T. Seguchi, K. Okamura, A. Morimoto, M. Ono, J. Ogata and M. Kuwano, Induction of low density lipoprotein receptor and a transcription factor SP-1 by tumor necrosis factor in human microvascular endothelial cells, J. Biol. Chem. 267 (1992) 13160-13165. 

Retroviral-mediated transduction of liTERT (human telomerase reverse transcriptase) in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (EC) (HDMEC) results in cell hues that form microvasculai stractures upon subcutaneous implantation in severe combined immunodeficiency mice (SCID) mice. Anti-human type IV collagen basement membrane immu-noreactivity and visualization of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGEP)-labeled microvessels confiimed the human origin of these vessels. Piimaiy HDMEC-derived vessel density decreased with time, while telomerized HDMEC maintained durable vessels six... 

WONG, B. W, RAHMANI, M LUO, Z., YANAGAWA, B WONG, D LUO, H. MCMANUS, B. M. 2009. Vascular endothelial growth factor increases human cardiac microvascular endothelial cell permeability to low-density lipoproteins. J Heart Lung Transplant, 28, 950-7. 

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