Microscopic order

While there is much to discuss about order in films of different conjugated molecules, a comprehensive survey of the structural properties of various conjugated polymers can be found in Ref. [9]. This section focuses on the relation between microscopic order and macroscopic properties, and on structure-property relations. 

A microscopic, ordered array of nucleic acids, proteins, small molecules, cells or other substances that enables parallel analysis of complex biochemical samples. 

Figure 7.1 Illustration of different aggregation states obtained (from left to right) by increasing temperature crystal (K), smectic C (SmC), nematic (N) and isotropic (I). Row a shows macroscopic appearance of samples in row b, short-range microscopic ordering is represented (each bar represents a molecule) thermotropic phase diagram of row c illustrates relevant transition temperatures (Tm melting temperature Tsmc-N transition temperature between SmC and N Tc clearing temperature) row d shows different texture of different states as seen through polarizing microscope (with crossed polars, isotropic phase appears black).

Wright, P.B., Lamb, E., Dorsey, J.G, and Kooser, R.G., Microscopic order as a function of surface coverage in alkyl-modified silicas—spin probe studies. Anal. Chem., 64, 785, 1992. 

Colloid Chemistry The Fascinating World of Microscopic Order... 

What is most amazing of all in this picture is the degree of microscopic order present in a solution that appears quite unexceptional to the imaided eye. Usually, we associate T>eauty and aesthetic appeal with symmetry and regular shapes, just as in the examples of the ordered lamellar phase and lamellar focal conics. However, sometimes also asymmetric shapes have that special quaUty about them that conveys what we call beauty. Figure 4 shows a water-rich foam composed of dish soap with coconut oil. It consists of tightly-packed bubbles of very different sizes that create an asymmetric pattern of astounding beauty [3]. 

When analyzing experimental EPR spectra of spin probes in micellar phase of complexes we used the model "Microscopic Order and Macroscopic Disorder" (MOMD) [33], This model is often used for description of EPR spectra of spin probes in micelles, dispersions, vesicles and other microscopically ordered but macroscopically disordered systems [34, 35],... 

Phase transitions in which the square of the soft-mode frequency or its related microscopic order parameter goes to zero continuously with temperature can be defined as second order within the framework of the Ginzburg-Landau model [110]. The behavior is obviously classical and consistent with mean field... 

Rotational motion can be isotropic or anisotropic (e.g., when spin labels are attached to larger polymer molecules) and analysis of CW EPR spectra most often is quantified by spectral simulations assuming a rotational model of some sort (e.g., isotropic Brownian or uni-axial motion or more complicated models like microscopic order, macroscopic disorder, or MOMD see [19, 21]). 

These coefficients, known as microscopic order parameters in the liquid crystal literature, are convenient quantities to define the degree of order. The even-order terms give the degree of axial ordering. Of these. 

Figure 36. Microscopic order parameter P2 as a function of poling time for 41 PA 3.

This phenomenon is a typical example of microscopic ordering due to pressure. The shift to a eutectic system, the effect of sweating on purification, and the easy recrystallization by pressure are all very useful for application to the solid solution system. 

Microarray A microscopic, ordered array of nucleic acids, proteins, small molecules, cells, or other substances that enables parallel analysis of complex biochemical samples. The term microarray originally referred to spotted cDNA arrays, but now others and we use it for any hybridization-based array. The major characteristics of microarrays are that they have a glass or plastic slide as a matrix, and are created with robots that deposit probes on the slides. 

---