Microorganisms generation

Microbial activity requires energy, and all microorganisms generate energy. This energy is subsequently stored as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which can then be utilized for growth and metabolism as needed, subject to the second law of thermodynamics [2,23,35,41,42,51,54]. 

It is now known that teeth undergo a continuous process of demineralisation and remineralisation (see Table 2), which is driven by changes in the plaque composition [29]. In the presence of fermentable carbohydrates plaque microorganisms generate characteristic organic acids, that is, lactic and acetic [17], and these diffuse through the pellicle to the tooth surface and cause demineralisation [30]. Ions are then liberated from the mineral phase into this low pH liquid [31], and they diffuse outwards and re-precipitate at the surface layer of the demineralised lesion [32,33]. If this process is sufficiently rapid, there is a net loss of tooth mineral and irreversible cavity formation. 

Fotso-Fondja Yao CB (2008) Aqabamycins, rare nitro maleimides and other novel metabolites from microorganisms generation and application of an HPLC-UV-ESI MS/MS database. PhD thesis. University of Gottingen... 

Rates of microorganism generation and substrate consumption are not equal. They are tied by the interrelation... 

Microorganisms generate enzymes that will promote biodeterioration of different classes of polymers. Figure 4.33 summarizes the possible pathways for biological degradation of polymers. 

Biodegradation is nature s way of returning nonliving organic material to the carbon cycle. Commonly, microorganisms generate and secrete aqueous solutions of enzymes that chemically degrade and dissolve... 

These microorganisms generate a wide array of compounds that contribute to whole fish spoilage and produce many off-odor and off-flavor compounds such as biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, and histamine), hydroxylamine, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, and organic acids that are essentially absent or only occur at very low levels in fresh fish (Ghaly et al., 2010). 

Chlorine Dioxide. Like ozone, chlorine dioxide [10049-04-4] is a powerflil oxidant. It is usually generated as used. It has been used for disinfecting drinking water and bleaching paper pulp. Its effectiveness in killing microorganisms is well documented (305,306), and it has received recent study as a gas to sterilize medical devices. It requites 50% rh or higher to be effective. Bacterial cells had a D-value of 2.6 min and spores of 24 min (307). 

Humidifier fever An illness caused by the growth of microorganisms in air cooling coils. These microorganisms or their generated toxins may be carried in the airstream to the conditioned space, causing an allergic response in susceptible people. 

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