Microfabricated chemical systems

Schmidt, M.A., Microfabricated chemical systems for product screening and synthesis, in Hoyle, W. (Ed.), Automated Synthetic Methods for Specialty Chemicals, pp. 14-24, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (2000). 

M. A., Microfabricated chemical systems for product screening and synthesis, in... 

Rensi, T. a., Nyquist, )., Microfabricated mini-chemical systems technical feasibility, in Ehreeld, W. (Ed.), Microsystem Technology for Chemical and Biological Microreactors, DECHEMA Monographs,... 

As the analytical, synthetic, and physical characterization techniques of the chemical sciences have advanced, the scale of material control moves to smaller sizes. Nanoscience is the examination of objects—particles, liquid droplets, crystals, fibers—with sizes that are larger than molecules but smaller than structures commonly prepared by photolithographic microfabrication. The definition of nanomaterials is neither sharp nor easy, nor need it be. Single molecules can be considered components of nanosystems (and are considered as such in fields such as molecular electronics and molecular motors). So can objects that have dimensions of >100 nm, even though such objects can be fabricated—albeit with substantial technical difficulty—by photolithography. We will define (somewhat arbitrarily) nanoscience as the study of the preparation, characterization, and use of substances having dimensions in the range of 1 to 100 nm. Many types of chemical systems, such as self-assembled monolayers (with only one dimension small) or carbon nanotubes (buckytubes) (with two dimensions small), are considered nanosystems. 

Lerou, f.)., Harold, M. P., Ryley, )., Ashmead, )., O Brien, T. C., Johnson, M., Perrotto, J., Biaisdell, C. T., Rensi, T. A., Nyquist, J., Microfabricated minichemical systems technical feasibility, in Ehrfeld, W. (Ed.), Microsystem Technology for Chemical and Biological Microreactors, DECHEMA Monographs, Vol. 132, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1996, 51-69. 

Rensi TA, Nyquist J (1996) Microfabricated minichemical systems Technical feasibility. In Microsystem Technology for Chemical and Biological Microreactors, DECHEMA Monographs Vol. 132, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, p 51... 

Ramsey JM, Jacobson SC, Knapp MR. Microfabricated chemical measurements systems. Nature Med 1995 1 1093-6. 

Mogensen KB, El-Ali J, Wolff A, Cutter JP (2003) Integration of polymer waveguides for optical detection in microfabricated chemical analysis systems. Appl Opt 42 4072 079... 

The application of polymer monoliths in 2D separations, however, is very attractive in that polymer-based packing materials can provide a high performance, chemically stable stationary phase, and better recovery of biological molecules, namely proteins and peptides, even in comparison with C18 phases on silica particles with wide mesopores (Tanaka et al., 1990). Microchip fabrication for 2D HPLC has been disclosed in a recent patent, based on polymer monoliths (Corso et al., 2003). This separation system consists of stacked separation blocks, namely, the first block for ion exchange (strong cation exchange) and the second block for reversed-phase separation. This layered separation chip device also contains an electrospray interface microfabricated on chip (a polymer monolith/... 

Lu H, Schmidt MA, Jensen KF (2001) Photochemical Reactions and On-Line UV Detection in Microfabricated Reactors. Lab Chip 1 22-28 Manz A, Harrison DJ, Verpoorte EMJ, Fettinger JC, Ludi H, Widmer HM (1991) Miniaturization of Chemical-Analysis Systems - A Look into next Century Technology or just a Fashionable Craze. Chimia 45 103-105 McCreedy T (1999) Reducing the Risks of Synthesis. Chem Ind 15 588-590 McCreedy T (2000) Fabrication Techniques and Materials Commonly Used for the Production of Microreactors and Micro Total Analytical Systems. Trac Trends Anal Chem 19 396-401... 

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