Microbiological processes requirements

Satisfying these requirements invariably requires capital investment that can significantly affect overall economics of microbiological processes. 

Because of the basic requirements of collection and transport, sewer networks are normally dealt with from a physical point of view, i.e., the hydraulics and sewer solids transport processes have been focal points. From this point of view, new design and operational principles have been developed, to a great extent supported by numerical procedures and the ever-increasing capacity of computers. Under wet-weather conditions, the hydraulics and solids transport phenomena in a sewer play a major role, and the chemical and microbiological processes are typically of minor importance. Not surprisingly, interests devoted to urban drainage have focused on the physical behavior of the sewer. 

The selection of microbiological processes for treating soils and groundwater contaminated with organic pollutants requires characterization of the waste, selection of an appropriate microorganism or consortium, and information about degradation pathway and rates. This chapter will focus on ex situ processes and the selection of reactors for the treatment of soils and groundwater. 

It is easily understood that if the aseptic operation is performed in a separated small space from which personnel have been completely excluded, the necessity for room classification based on particulate and environmental microbiological monitoring requirements may be significantly reduced. In other words, critical operations in an aseptic area should be performed in the smallest space, and intervention by personnel should be minimized by indirect means through the use of protective glove ports and/or half suits. Application of these methods can minimize the chance of contamination. Following are such systems currently in place to reduce the contamination rate in aseptic processing. 

From an economic perspective, it is important for bioprocesses to be integrated into existing organic chemical infrastructure. Typical production sites for bulk chemicals manufacture, such as those of the petrochemical industry, are unlikely to provide all of the requirements of industrial microbiological processes. The requirements of industrial microbiological processes include ... 

Finally, the pulp used in the papermaking process may be treated to reduce microbiological treatment requirements. It is good practice to add a preservative to the furnish during longer machine stops snch as repairs, to prevent it from rotting. 

In industry, any large microbiological process is called fermentation. Thus, the term fermentation has a different meaning than in biology. Most industrial fermentations require oxygen. 

This global and comprehensive approach to the prediction of the quality and the microbiological safety of food, illustrated in Figure 4.3, requires resorting to several disciplines microbiology, process engineering as well as physical-chemical or, in other terms, thermodynamic characterization. 

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