Microbial reactors

Kelma, Niel, Belgium RODTOX Short time BOD, toxicity Microbial reactor + Oj electrode Municipal and industrial waste water... 

The design and operation of a bioreactor are mainly determined by biological needs and engineering requirements, which often include a number of factors efficient oxygen transfer and mixing, low shear and hydrodynamic forces, effective control of physico-chemical environment, easy scale-up, and so on. Because some of these factors can be mutually contradictory, it is difficult to directly employ a conventional microbial reactor to shear-sensitive plant tissue cultures. 

In fermentation reactors, cell growth is promoted or maintained to produce metabolite, biomass, transformed substrate, or purified solvent. Systems based on macro-organism cultures are usually referred as tissue cultures. Those based on dispersed non-tissue forming cultures of micro-organisms are loosely referred as microbial reactors. In enzyme reactors, substrate transformation is promoted without the life-support system of whole cells. Frequently, these reactors employ immobilized enzymes, where an enzyme is supported on inert solids so that it can be reused in the process. Virtually all bioreactors of technological importance deal with a heterogeneous system involving more than two phases. 

Production of hydrogen from domestic wastewater using a bioelec-trochemically assisted microbial reactor (BEAMR). Int.J. Hydrogen Energy, 32 (13), 2296-2304. 

Hjortso, M. A. and J. E. Bailey, Steady-State Growth of Budding Yeast Populations in Well-Mixed Continuous-Flow Microbial Reactors, Math. Biosci. 60, 235-263 (1982). 

C HijO + 2H2O 4H2 + 2CO2 + 2CH3COOH Anode CH3COOH + 2H2O 2CO2 + 8e" + 8H+ Cathode 8H+ + 8e 4H2 BioelectrochemicaKy assisted microbial reactor (BEAMR), reverse process of microbial fuel cell... 

Logan, B.E. and Grot, S. (2005) A bioelectrochemically assisted microbial reactor (BEAMR) that generates hydrogen gas. Patent application 50/588,022, Penn State University. 

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