Microbial production factors affecting

Once in the soil solution, urea—formaldehyde reaction products are converted to plant available nitrogen through either microbial decomposition or hydrolysis. Microbial decomposition is the primary mechanism. The carbon in the methylene urea polymers is the site of microbial activity. Environmental factors that affect soil microbial activity also affect the nitrogen availabiUty of UF products. These factors include soil temperature, moisture, pH, and aeration or oxygen availabiUty. 

Factors affecting microbial spoilage of pharmaceutical products... 

Although the entry of MeHg into the base of the food web and its subsequent transfer in the lowest trophic levels are poorly understood, it is evident that the concentration of MeHg in all trophic levels is strongly correlated with its supply from methylating environments. In fish, for example, much of the modem spatial variation in mercury concentrations (within a given trophic level) can be attributed to variation in factors and processes that affect the microbial production of MeHg and its entry into oxic waters. 

Microbial stability is one of the factors affecting drug product reliability. Under design and interpretation of stability studies, the Center for Drugs and Biologies... 

Many factors affect the process design for manufacturing therapeutic proteins they include protein type and size, production scale, and the type of host cells used. The environmental impact considerations are focused on two major groups nonantibody proteins produced by microbial cells and mAbs produced by mammalian cells. 

External Indirect Facilitation of the microbial production of polymers and extracellular enzymes Altering distal factors affecting SOM stability by (i) affecting the condensation of intermediates and (ii) stimulating the formation of stable organometaUic complexes... 

Frankenberger, W. T., Jr., and Karlson, U. (1989). Environmental factors affecting microbial production of dimethylselenide in a selenium-contaminated sediment. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53, 1435-1442. 

The cathodes are similarly corroded (chemically or electrochemically) as the anodes but metallurgical factors affect to a lesser degree, that is, the transformation is gradual [69]. However selective attack, such as from electrolyte impurities, often takes place and the production of a homogeneous surface layer of sub-products or crystal metallic impurities produce micro-cracks reducing the durability [70]. In addition, microbial factors produce cathode failure especially in the electrochemical treatment of wastewaters [71]. 

Small amounts of DDE have been reported in some studies (Table II). The quantity rarely exceeded 5% of the recovered products. In the more common case the amount of DDE recovered did not exceed the amount in the uninoculated controls. The occurrence of DDE as a product shows no consistent relationship to organisms or conditions studied. DDE can be formed easily by the chemical dehydrochlorination of DDT. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that DDE is not a normal product of microbial metabolism. The pH of the media may be a factor affecting the formation of DDE. The information given in most of the studies is not suflBcient to determine if this could be the case. 

Microbial activity is affected by temperature to the extent that we are able to segregate bacteria according to their optimum temperature operating conditions. Thus factors affecting landfill temperatures are likely to affect microbial activity and hence gas production. An increase in temperature tends to increase gas production (Massman et al, 1981 Pacey, 1986 Emberton, 1986)... 

Choi J, Lee SY (1997) Process analysis and economic evaluation for Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production by fermentation Bioprocess Eng 17(6) 335-342 Choi J, Lee SY (1999) Factors affecting the economics of polyhydroxyalkanoateproduction by bacterial fermentation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 51 13-21 Cromwick AM, Foglia T, Lenz RW (1996) The microbial production of poly(hydroxyalkanoates) from taUow. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 46 464 69 Daniel H-J, Otto RT, Binder M, Reuss M, Syldatk C (1999) Production of sophorolipids from whey development of a two-stage process with Cryptococcus curvatus ATCC 20509 and Candida bombicola ATCC 22214 using deproteinized whey concentrates as substrates. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 51 40 5... 

Microbial chitin and chitosan productions are affected by different factors such as medium composition, temperature, pH, aeration, agitation, size and age of the producing microbial cells, and growth time. Each factor can have various effects on chitin/chitosan production depending on fermentation technique and microorganism under examination. 

Curtis, T.P., and Scott, K. (2011) Factors affecting current production in microbial fuel cells using different industrial wastewaters. Bioresour. 

Hofvendahl, K. and Hahn-Hagerdal, B. (2000) Factor affecting the formative lactic acid production from renewable resonrces. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 26 87-107. 

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