Microbes ingested

The definition of a drug differs between dictionaries and among the various professional specialisms. A search of the internet elicited various definitions and a paraphrase of the most memorable is a compound can be defined as a drug if, when injected into a rodent, it yields a scientific publication . Although this is a memorable definition, for the purposes of this review, however, a drug is defined broadly as a compound that has properties that influence the health of an animal when ingested or administered to that animal. A brief look at current literature will quickly convince the reader that this is a definition which covers man-made and natural compounds that can be extracted from plant material and microbes and iised. ... 

Berk, S.G., A.L. Mills, D.L. Henricks, and R.R. Colwell. 1978. Effects of ingesting mercury containing bacteria on mercury tolerance and growth rate of ciliates. Microb. Ecol. 4 319-330. 

Singlet molecular oxygen, Oj, is also thought to arise, perhaps in reaction 4 or 5 (in place of dioxygen). The addition of 02 completes the cast of characters comprising molecules which may mediate the effects of O , since whenever O is formed, H2O2, OH and O2 all may exist in aqueous solutions in the presence of micromolar concentrations of ionic iron which contaminate many buffers. Armed with the capacity to form species with such a variety of affinities for electrons, the PMN is endowed with the ability to initiate a formidable array of chemical reactions, not merely between the various species themselves but also with its own constitutents and those of ingested microbes. 

Urwin, P.E., Lilley, C.J. and Atkinson, H.J. (2002) Ingestion of double-stranded RNA by preparasitic juvenile cyst nematodes leads to RNA interference. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 15, 747-752. 

Figure 11.11. Role of NO in the killing of microbes by macrophages. Microbes are ingested, and peroxisomes fuse to the phagosomes, releasing reactive oxygen species. NO enters the phagosomes and either forms peroxynitrite by reaction with reactive oxygen species, or it diffuses across the microbial cell wall to wreak havoc inside.

Macrophages act against both ingested microorganisms, as illustrated here, and extracellular microbes. 

Rodents chew through cellular polymers but do not ingest the foam as a foodstuff. The resistance to rot, mildew, and fungi is related to moisture absorption [64]. Therefore, open-cell foams support such growth better than closed-cell foams. High humidity and temperature are necessary for the growth of microbes on any plastic foam. 

Most infections result in elevated white blood ceU (WBC) counts (leukocytosis) because of the increased production and mobilization of granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils), lymphocytes, or both to ingest and destroy invading microbes. The generally accepted range of normal values for WBC counts is between 4000 and... 

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