Micro Identation Test

With both micro-organism and endotoxin challenges, the cool spot identified in the heat-distribution and heat-penetration studies will be the logical location to run the microbial challenge tests. Containers inoculated with microbial cells or endotoxin will be situated adjacent to identical containers into which thermocouples are secured to monitor temperature. Temperature profiles must not deviate from temperature data obtained in earlier studies. 

Typical methods for testing microporosity consist in the comparison of a standard isotherm (mostly an isotherm of a non-(micro)porous sample of identical chemical composition), with the isotherm under study. 

The catalyst samples from both experiments were then analyzed by a variety of techniques described below. Portions of each catalyst sample [ 5g) were loaded into one of four laboratory micro reactors operated under identical experimental conditions. The catalysts were kept on line until the activity, as measured by the daily drainage of water and hydrocarbon products, had stabilized. The activity was determined as a function of water produced under these steady state conditions. Each of the laboratory micro reactors was tested with a known catalyst standard to establish both the data reproducibility and possible effects of the different reactors on the activity measurements. The different reactors gave results with relative differences of less than 3%. 

The University of Illinios (Yeom et al.) demonstrated the fabrication of a monolithic Si-based micro-scale MEA consisting of two Si electrodes, with catalyst deposited directly on them, supporting a Nafion - 12 membrane in-between [12]. The electrodes are identically gold-covered for current collecting, and are covered with electrodeposited Pt black. The electrodes and the Nafion membrane are sandwiched and hot-pressed to form the MEA. The complete fuel cells have been tested with various fuels H2, methanol and formic acid and reached 35 mW cm , 0.38 mW cm and 17 mW cm , respectively, at RT with forced Oj. More recently, performances with formic acid as fuel were increased up to 28 mW cm" with electrodeposited Pd-containing catalyst at the anode [13]. 

It is immediately evident that the micro-units will generally be smaller than the unit cells, for they possess only a portion of their total symmetry, namely symmetry of the first kind. The physical purport of the Weissenberg theory is that in all organic molecular lattices the largest possible micro-units are identical with the kinetic molecules of the substance, a concept which can be tested on all existing experimental material and confirmed, with the exception of certain cases in which association exists in the lattice (metaldehyde, acetaldehyde ammonia, etc.). 

Nevertheless, all is not solved. Microscopic observation of the surfaces of the weathered PET films revealed changes in chemistry and micro-cracking due to weathering that were not identical in both the laboratory test method and outdoor exposure. In particular, the FTIR spectrum of the surface of the PET sample exposed in Rorida revealed generation of chemical species that were not reproduced via the laboratory test. Even orientation of a sample can affect synchronization of failure modes by altering the relative amounts of solar irradiance and water to which the specimen may be exposed. 

A superior strategy to the above approach is provided by Cui and Paul [18]. The quality of this work is enhanced by the full description of the polymers that were utilized and the complete characterization of the composites that were prepared. The PP that was employed in this study was Pro-Fax PH020 manufactured by Basell. MAPP (PP-g-MA) was PB3200 provided by Cromption with a MA content of 1.0 wt.%. The diamine and montmorillonite (Cloisite Na) were identical to the ones utilized in the above study. Cloisite 20A was utilized as a control organomontmorillonite. This is a superior choice to the organomontmorillonite employed in the studies above. The composites were prepared with a DSM Micro 5 compounder. The test samples were prepared with a DSM microinjection molder. This is a superior protocol in relation to the compression-molded test samples prepared above. PP-g-MA was reacted directly with the diamine in a Brabender at 195°C and 50 r/min for 5.5 min. The amine... 

---