Metoclopramide Propranolol

Rectal absorption is generally slower than oral absorption, but for some drugs, rectal absorption exceeds oral absorption presumably due to avoidance of first-pass metabolism after rectal delivery. This has been reported for morphine, metoclopramide, ergotamine, lidocaine, and propranolol. Human rectal systemic availability of the extensively metabolized drug lidocaine is 65% as compared to 30% after oral administration.f ... 

Solutions of drugs were prepared in 145 mM aqueous NaCl, from which a dose series was prepared. dl-Octopamine, dl-synephrine, dopamine, tolazoline, clonidine, yohimbine, cyproheptadine, gramine, chlorpromazine, promethazine, propranolol, metoclopramide, and 3-isobutyl-l-methylxanthine were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. naphazoline from Aldrich Chemical Co. chlordimeform and phentolamine from Ciba Geigy mianserin from Research Biochemicals Inc. and lofexidine, XAMI, and tramazoline were gifts from Dr. R. Hollingworth, Purdue Univ. 

Also analyzed acebutolol, acepromazine, acetaminophen, acetazolamide, acetophenazine, albuterol, amitriptyline, amobarbital, amoxapine, antipsrrine, atenolol, atropine, azata-dine, baclofen, benzocaine, bromocriptine, brompheniramine, brotizolam, bupivacaine, buspirone, butabarbital, butalbital, caffeine, carbamazepine, cetirizine, chlorqyclizine, chlordiazepoxide, chlormezanone, chloroquine, chlorpheniramine, chlorpromazine, chlorpropamide, chlorprothixene, chlorthalidone, chlorzoxazone, cimetidine, cisapride, clomipramine, clonazepam, clonidine, clozapine, cocaine, codeine, colchicine, qyclizine, (yclo-benzaprine, dantrolene, desipramine, diazepam, diclofenac, diflunisal, diltiazem, diphenhydramine, diphenidol, dipheno late, dipyridamole, disopyramide, dobutamine, doxapram, doxepin, droperidol, encainide, ethidium bromide, ethopropazine, fenoprofen, fentanyl, flavoxate, fluoxetine, fluphenazine, flurazepam, flurbiprofen, fluvoxamine, fii-rosemide, glutethimide, glyburide, guaifenesin, haloperidol, homatropine, hydralazine, hydrochlorothiazide, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, hydro g chloroquine, hydroxyzine, ibuprofen, imipramine, indomethacin, ketoconazole, ketoprofen, ketorolac, labetalol, le-vorphanol, lidocaine, loratadine, lorazepam, lovastatin, loxapine, mazindol, mefenamic acid, meperidine, mephenytoin, mepivacaine, mesoridazine, metaproterenol, methadone, methdilazine, methocarbamol, methotrexate, methotrimeprazine, methoxamine, methyl-dopa, methylphenidate, metoclopramide, metolazone, metoprolol, metronidazole, midazolam, moclobemide, morphine, nadolol, nalbuphine, naloxone, naphazoline, naproxen, nifedipine, nizatidine, norepinephrine, nortriptyline, oxazepam, oxycodone, oxymetazo-line, paroxetine, pemoline, pentazocine, pentobarbital, pentoxifylline, perphenazine, pheniramine, phenobarbital, phenol, phenolphthalein, phentolamine, phenylbutazone, phenyltoloxamine, phenytoin, pimozide, pindolol, piroxicam, pramoxine, prazepam, prazosin, probenecid, procainamide, procaine, prochlorperazine, procyclidine, promazine, promethazine, propafenone, propantheline, propiomazine, propofol, propranolol, protriptyline, quazepam, quinidine, quinine, racemethorphan, ranitidine, remoxipride, risperidone, salicylic acid, scopolamine, secobarbital, sertraline, sotalol, spironolactone, sulfinpyrazone, sulindac, temazepam, terbutaline, terfenadine, tetracaine, theophylline, thiethyl-perazine, thiopental, thioridazine, thiothixene, timolol, tocainide, tolbutamide, tolmetin, trazodone, triamterene, triazolam, trifluoperazine, triflupromazine, trimeprazine, trimethoprim, trimipramine, verapamil, warfarin, xylometazoline, yohimbine, zopiclone... 

Also analyzed acebutolol, acetaminophen, alprazolam, amphetamine, atenolol, betaxolol, brotizolam, caffeine, camazepam, captopril, chloroquine, clobazam, clomipramine, cloth-iapine, clotiazepam, cloxazolam, cocaine, codeine, diclofenac, dihydralazine, dihydrocodeine, dihydroergotamine, diphenhydramine, domperidone, doxepin, droperidol, ergota-mine, ethyl loflazepate, fenethylline, fluoxetine, flupentixol, flurazepam, furosemide, gliclazide, hydrochlorothiazide, hydroxyzine, ibuprofen, imipramine, ketazolam, loprazo-1am, lorazepam, lormetazepam, maprotUine, medazepam, mepyramine, methadone, methaqualone, methyldopa, methylphenidate, metoclopramide, metoprolol, mexiletine, mianserin, midazolam, minoxidil, morphine, nadolol, nitrazepam, oxprenolol, papaverine, pentazocine, phenprocoumon, phenylbutazone, pipamperone, piritramide, practolol, pra-zepam, prazosin, promazine, promethazine, propoxyphene, propranolol, prothipendyl, quinine, sotalol, sulpride, thioridazine, trazodone, triazolam, trimipramine, tripelennamine, lyramine, verapeunil, yohimbine... 

Extracted amoxapine, brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, chlorpromazine, clomipramine, c5q)roheptadine, dsipramine, diphenhydramine, dothiepin, doxepin, fluoxetine, hal-operidol, imipramine, loxapine, maprotihne, meperidine, mesoridazine, methadone, metoclopramide, mianserin, moclobemide, nomifensine, nordoxepin, norfluoxetine, norpropoxyphene, northiaden, nortriptyline, pentobarbital, pheniramine, propojgrphene, propranolol, protriptyline, quinidine, quinine, sulforidazine, thioridazine, thiothixene, tranylcypromine, trazodone, trihe q)henidyl, triprolidine Nonintetfering dextromethorphan, norphetidine, pheno benzamine, prochlorperazine, trifluoperazine... 

Noninterfering acetaminophen, amitriptyline, aspirin, atenolol, camazepam, carbamaze-pine, chlorimipramine, chlorthalidone, clonetzepam, cortisone, desipramine, diazepam, halazepam, hydrochlorothiazide, hydrocortisone, imipramine, lorazepam, maprotiline, meperidine, methylphenobarbital, methylprednisolone, metoclopramide, midazolam, morphine, nalorphine, naloxone, nitrazepam, nortriptyline, oxeizepam, oxprenolol, phenobar-bital, phenji oin, pindolol, prazepam, prednisolone, prednisone, primidone, prochlorperazine, propranolol, salicylic acid, temazepam... 

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