Methylene cyanide

Dicyanomethane or Malononitrile (called Malonsaure-dinitril, Malonitril or Methylen-cyanid in Ger), NC.CH2.CN mw 66.06, N 42.41% col crysts, mp 31.6-32.4°, bp 108-09° at 17mm press, cryst d 1.191 at 20°, liq d 1.0494 at 35°, nfi 1.4139 at 34.2° prepd by esterification of cyanoacecic acid, and treatment of the ester with NH3 which leads to cyanoacetamide which, on reaction with phosphorous oxychloride or pentachloride, gives Dicyanomethane (Ref 1)... 

SYNS CYANOACETONITRILE DICYANOMETH-ANE DWUMETYLOSULFOTLENKU (POLISH) MALONIC DINITRILE METHYLENE CYANIDE NITRIL KYSELINY MALONOVE (CZECH) PROPANE-... 

Synonyms Adipic acid dinitrile Adipic acid nitrile 1,4-Dicyanobutane Hexanedinitrile Tetra-methylene cyanide Chemical Formula C6HgN2... 

METHYLENE CYANIDE (109-77-3) Combustible solid. Dust or powder forms explosive mixture with air (flash point 234°F/122°C cc). Incompatible with sulfuric acid. May polymerize violently on contact with alkalis or temperatures above 160°F/71°C. 

Synonyms cyanoacetonitrile dicyanome-thane methylene cyanide propanedinitrile... 

Methylene chlorobromide. See Bromochloromethane Methylene cyanide. See Malononitrile N,N -Methylenediacrylamide. See Methylene bisacrylamide... 

Malonitrile (Cyanoacetie nitrile, methylene cyanide, dicyanomethane)... 

Toxic materials as identified by toxic material specification law in Japan. It is also called malonicnitrile or methylene cyanide. 

A careful study of the molecular structure by microwave methods provides numerous interesting structural features. For example, it is apparent from Table III that the CF bond in FCN is shorter than in FCP. Many observations of this nature have been made and often correlated with simple bonding theory. A different effect may be illustrated by the —C"N chain in methylene cyanide, CH2(CN)2, and sulfur dicyanide, S(CN)2, which is not linear, but rather is bent slightly by about 3° and 5°, respectively. Such effects are not confined to the presence of a cyano group. Similar... 

Cyclohexanone shows most of the typical reactions of aUphatic ketones. It reacts with hydroxjiamine, phenyUiydrazine, semicarbazide, Grignard reagents, hydrogen cyanide, sodium bisulfite, etc, to form the usual addition products, and it undergoes the various condensation reactions that are typical of ketones having cx-methylene groups. Reduction converts cyclohexanone to cyclohexanol or cyclohexane, and oxidation with nitric acid converts cyclohexanone almost quantitatively to adipic acid. 

Several procedures for making glutaric acid have been described in Organic Syntheses starting with trimethylene cyanide (28), methylene bis (malonic acid) (29), y-butyrolactone (30), and dihydropyran (31). Oxidation of cyclopentane with air at 140° and 2.7 MPa (400 psi) gives cyclopentanone and cyclopentanol, which when oxidized further with nitric acid at 65—75° gives mixtures of glutaric acid and succinic acid (32). 

Aero Agro Chemical hidustries Ltd., 168 AERO , calcium cyanide, 9 Aerojet Fine Chemicals, 215, 229 AEROPHINE , phosphine, 9 AEROTHENE MM , methylene chloride, 9 AFFLAIR , luster pigments, 9 Aflatoxins, 9... 

Mefenidil (78) is a cerebral vasodilator which may be of value in treating geriatric cerebral circulatory problems. It can be synthesized by reacting benzamidine (76) with biacetyl to produce the highly reactive methylene benzimidazole adduct 77. Reaction of the latter with sodium cyanide completes the synthesis 1,26]. 

Examples of the Michael-type addition of carbanions, derived from activated methylene compounds, with electron-deficient alkenes under phase-transfer catalytic conditions have been reported [e.g. 1-17] (Table 6.16). Although the basic conditions are normally provided by sodium hydroxide or potassium carbonate, fluoride and cyanide salts have also been used [e.g. 1, 12-14]. Soliddiquid two-phase systems, with or without added organic solvent [e.g. 15-18] and polymer-supported catalysts [11] have been employed, as well as normal liquiddiquid conditions. The micellar ammonium catalysts have also been used, e.g. for the condensation of p-dicarbonyl compounds with but-3-en-2-one [19], and they are reported to be superior to tetra-n-butylammonium bromide at low base concentrations. 

Xanthine oxidase (XO) was the first enzyme studied from the family of enzymes now known as the molybdenum hydroxylases (HiUe 1999). XO, which catalyzes the hydroxylation of xanthine to uric acid is abundant in cow s milk and contains several cofactors, including FAD, two Fe-S centers, and a molybdenum cofactor, all of which are required for activity (Massey and Harris 1997). Purified XO has been shown to use xanthine, hypoxan-thine, and several aldehydes as substrates in the reduction of methylene blue (Booth 1938), used as an electron acceptor. Early studies also noted that cyanide was inhibitory but could only inactivate XO during preincubation, not during the reaction with xanthine (Dixon 1927). The target of cyanide inactivation was identified to be a labile sulfur atom, termed the cyanolyzable sulfur (Wahl and Rajagopalan 1982), which is also required for enzyme activity. 

Trichlorobenzene. Trichloroethylene Hydrogen azide, see Alachlor. Aldicarb. Atrazine Hydrogen bromide, see Ethylene dibromide Hydrogen chloride, see Atrazine. Captan. Carbon tetrachloride. Chloroform. Chlorpropham. Chlorpyrifos. 1.2-Dichloroethane. Diuron. Endrin. Formaldehyde. Heptachlor. Heptachlor epoxide. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene. Linuron. Methyl chloride. Methylene chloride. Methyl formate. Monuron. Propanil. Tetrachloroethylene. Trichloroethylene. Vinyl chloride Hydrogen cyanide, see Acetontrile. Alachlor. Aldicarb. 

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