Methyl methacrylate grafting derivatives

Oya, A., Kimura, M., Sugo, T., Katakai, A., Abe, Y., Iizuka, T., Makiyama, N., Linares-Solano, A, and de Lecea, C. S. M., Antibacterial activated carbon fiber derived from methyl methacrylate grafted phenolic resin fiber, Carbon, 1994, 32(1), 107 110. 

Meier [23] has derived equations relating block copolymer morphology to thermodynamics using lattice models. His model explains quantitatively the observations of Merrett [24] on the influence of preferential solvents on the mechanical properties of graft copolymers. Merrett found that, depending on the solvent used in casting films of a natural rubber/poly(methyl methacrylate) graft copolymer, he could obtain either a hard stiff film characteristic of poly(methyl methacrylate) or a soft, flexible film typical of natural rubber. He interpreted these results as follows a solvent for poly(methyl methacrylate) collapsed the... 

Similar surface-supported amides have been derived from the Sm" amide Sm N-(SiHMe)2 2(thf)x by grafting on MCM-41, MCM-48 or AS-200 further elaboration led to the formation of the corresponding Sm-fluorenone ketyl, which was shown to contain surface-confined ketyl radicals.Treatment of Sm N(SiHMe2)2 (thf)x MCM-41 with MeOH, AlHBu 2 or Si(H)Me2-substituted indene gave surface-supported catalysts for methyl methacrylate polymerisation. 

An anionic technique by indirect grafting was proposed for N-metallation of Nylon by Yamaguchi (153-155), in which alcali metals dissolved in liquid ammonia displace the amidic hydrogen atoms. Nylon derivatives and graft copolymers can be synthetized from the N-metallated Nylon (153). For ethylene oxide as grafting monomer, the metallated fibers were soaked in a tetrahydro-furan solution of the monomer, at 60° C (154). Methyl methacrylate is grafted on Nylon with a conversion over 90% by this technique (155). Other procedures involve the use of sodium methoxide in methanol solution and subsequent anionic graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile in a tetrahydrofuran solution (156). 

Photoinduced graft copolymerization of cellulose derivatives especially containing carbonyl groups in the absence of a photosensitizer, has been investigated. Grafting of methyl methacrylate onto dialdehyde and dicarboxyl celluloses proceeded more easily than onto monocarboxyl cellulose. The grafting efficiency of the former two samples attained to 95-100%. 

Vinyl monomers that can be grafted to cellulose to achieve adhesive properties are acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, and many others. Graft copolymers of cellulose derivatives have also found use as adhesives. For example, vinylacetate-grafted hydroxyethylcellulose can be used as an adhesive for packaging and tile ( ). Grafting of vinyl monomers onto lignocellulosic materials can convert them into suitable adhesive materials (0). 

Much effort has been devoted over the last few years to preparing branched cellulose or cellulose derivatives, by combining the cellulose backbone with a synthetic polymer which confers desirable properties. The length of these branches or grafts varies considerably, depending on the copolymerization conditions. The most widely used monomers are acrylic and vinyl monomers, with the following order of reactivity [16] ethyl acrylate > methyl methacrylate > acrylonitrile > acrylamide > styrene. 

The membrane surfaces have also been grafted or coated with polyacrylamide, poly(acrylic acid) [70, 71], poly(vinyl alcohol) and cellulose derivatives [72]. Another possibility for improving the membrane properties is the use of polymer blends. Blends of PVDF/PVP [73, 74], PVDF/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) [75], PVDF/sulfonated polystyrene [76], PVDF/poly(vinyl acetate) [77] and PVDF/ poly(methyl methacrylate) [78] have been used in the preparation of micropor-ous membranes. 

The preparation of natural rubber-gra/t-methyl methacrylic acid has been reported by Lenka and coworkers. The vanadium ion was used as an initiator, which initiated the creation of free radicals on the backbone of natural rubber and this increased the interaction between the natural rubber and the methyl methacrylate surfaces. The coordination complexes derived from the acetylacetonate of Mn(III) ions could also be used as an initiator to form the natural rubber-gra/t-methyl methacrylic acid. Under different conditions, silver ions could be used as a catalyst to produce natural rubber-gra/t-methyl methacrylic acid with different concentrations of methyl methacrylic acid monomers, and potassium peroxydisulfate as an initiator. Consequently, these methods were successful in the preparation of compatible blended natural rubber and methyl methacrylic acid by graft copolymerization. This compatibility was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy techniques. The interaction between natural rubber and methyl methacrylic acid was significantly increased and was useful for further blending with other polyacrylate molecules or different polymer types. 

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