3- Methyl-2-butanol preparation

May be prepared satiriactorily from 2>methyl butanol through the intermediates, 2-methylbutyl bromide, 2-methylbutyronitrile and 3>methyl-n-valeric add by the method of Hass and Marshall (382). 

Figure 3 GC/MS chromatograms of tomato volatiles obtained by three different sample preparation techniques (A) dynamic headspace on Tenax (B) headspace SPME (PDMS) and (C) Freon liquid-liquid extraction. Peak identification is as follows (1) 3-methylbuta-nal (2) l-penten-3-one (3) hexanal (4) (Z)-3-hexenal (5) 2-methyl butanol (6) (E)-2-hexenal (7) ( )-2-heptenal (8) 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (9) (Z)-3-hexenol (10) 2-isobu-tylthiazole (11) phenylacetaldehyde (12) methyl salicylate (13) geranylacetone (14) 2-phenylethanol (15) 3-ionone (IS) 2-octanone internal standard.

Tertiary butyl alcohol, trimethyl carbinol, tertiary butanol. 2-methyl-2-propanol, Me3COH. Colourless prisms, m.p. 25°C, b.p. 83°C. Prepared by absorbing isobutene (2-methylpropene) in sulphuric acid, neutralizing and steam distilling the liquor. Converted to isobutene by heating with oxalic acid. Potassium-/-buloxide is a very strong base. 

Process conditions for methyl acrylate are similar to those employed for ethyl acrylate. However, in the preparation of butyl acrylate the excess butanol is removed as the butanol—butyl acrylate a2eotrope in the a2eotrope column. 

Methyl vinyl ketone can be produced by the reactions of acetone and formaldehyde to form 4-hydroxy-2-butanone, followed by dehydration to the product (267,268). Methyl vinyl ketone can also be produced by the Mannich reaction of acetone, formaldehyde, and diethylamine (269). Preparation via the oxidation of saturated alcohols or ketones such as 2-butanol and methyl ethyl ketone is also known (270), and older patents report the synthesis of methyl vinyl ketone by the hydration of vinylacetylene (271,272). 

Most large-scale industrial methacrylate processes are designed to produce methyl methacrylate or methacryhc acid. In some instances, simple alkyl alcohols, eg, ethanol, butanol, and isobutyl alcohol, maybe substituted for methanol to yield the higher alkyl methacrylates. In practice, these higher alkyl methacrylates are usually prepared from methacryhc acid by direct esterification or transesterification of methyl methacrylate with the desired alcohol. 

Esters of / fZ-amyl alcohol can be obtained by acylation of 2-methyl-2-butene in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (44). The esters produced, in high yields, from reaction of amyl alcohols with carboxyHc anhydrides, are used as intermediates for preparation of pyryflum salts (45,46) and alkaloids (47). Tria2oles prepared by acylation of 3-methyl-1-butanol are useful as herbicides (48). 

The submitters purchased 2-chloro-2-methylbutane from Eastman Kodak Company. The checkers prepared the halide as follows. A separatory funnel was charged with 21.5 mL (0.2 mol) of 2-methyl-2-butanol and IQO mL of coned hydrochloric acid. The mixture was shaken vigorously with periodic venting for 10 min. The layers were separated and the 2-chloro-2-methylbutane layer (upper) was washed several times with equal volumes of cold water. The product was dried over calcium chloride and distilled, bp 85 C. 

The direct base-catalyzed alkylation of 3-keto steroids is generally not a very satisfactory method for the preparation of monoalkylated products. However, under optimum conditions (short reaction time with methyl iodide, a Modest excess of potassium t-butoxide in boiling t-butanol) modest yields of... 

The diastereoselection of the Diels Alder reaction of methyl acrylate with cyclopentadiene was investigated [74] in microemulsions prepared with isooctane oil, CTAB as surfactant and 1-butanol as cosurfactant, and the results were compared with those found in pure solvents and water (Table 6.12). In emulsions rich in 1-butanol and formamide (entries 1 and 4) the reaction was slow (72 h) and the diastereoselectivity was practically the same as that... 

Alkyl alkanoates are reduced only at very negative potentials so that preparative scale experiments at mercury or lead cathodes are not successful. Phenyl alkanoates afford 30-36% yields of the alkan-l-ol under acid conditions [148]. Preparative scale reduction of methyl alkanoates is best achieved at a magnesium cathode in tetrahydrofuran containing tm-butanol as proton donor. The reaction is carried out in an undivided cell with a sacrificial magnesium anode and affords the alkan-l-ol in good yields [151]. In the absence of a proton donor and in the presence of chlorotrimethylsilane, acyloin derivatives 30 arc formed in a process related to the acyloin condensation of esters using sodium in xylene [152], Radical-anions formed initially can be trapped by intramolecular addition to an alkene function in substrates such as 31 to give aiicyclic products [151]. 

C17H24O, Mr 244.38, mp 35 °C, is a synthetic musk fragrance. It is prepared by Friedel-Crafts acetylation of 1,1,2,3,3,5-hexamethylindane, which can be obtained as a 70 30 mixture with l,l,3,5-tetramethyl-3-ethylindane by reacting a,p-dimethyl-styrene with amylenes or 2-methyl-2-butanol in a mixture of acetic acid and concentrated sulfuric acid [155] ... 

---