Methodology and Stability of Catalysts

New concepts or reaction media may also result in serious effects toward catalysis. Thus, the use of ionic liquids on the basis of C -unsubstituted imidazohum salts as solvents for the palladium-catalyzed methoxycarbonylation of iodobenzene leads to protolysis of the Pd-phenyl intermediate and the undesired formation of benzene [41]. Chlorobenzene is also formed in the presence of imidazohum chlorides. This explains why phosphites added did not show modifying properties, because they are 

Interestingly, compressed carbon dioxide can cause melting point depressions of 100 K of simple organic salts, thus expanding the availabUity range of ionic liquids for use in biphasic catalysis. For the simple salt [NBU4KBF4], a liquid phase below 75 °C was achieved [42]. 

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