Imidazohum chloride

AIM solution of imidazohum chloride is acidic AIM solution of imidazole is basic A solution containing equal molar quantities of imidazole and imidazohum chlonde has a pH of 7... 

New concepts or reaction media may also result in serious effects toward catalysis. Thus, the use of ionic liquids on the basis of C -unsubstituted imidazohum salts as solvents for the palladium-catalyzed methoxycarbonylation of iodobenzene leads to protolysis of the Pd-phenyl intermediate and the undesired formation of benzene [41]. Chlorobenzene is also formed in the presence of imidazohum chlorides. This explains why phosphites added did not show modifying properties, because they are... 

Smith, G.P., Dworkin, A.S., Pagni, R.M., and Zingg, S.P., Bronsted superacidity of HCl in a liquid chloroaluminate. AlCl3-l-ethyl-3-methyl-lH-imidazohum chloride,/. Am. Chem. Soc., Ill, 525, 1989. 

Independently, Caddick et al. reported microwave-assisted amination of aryl chlorides using a palladium-N-heterocyclic carbene complex as the catalyst (Scheme 99) [lOlj. Initial experiments in a domestic microwave oven (reflux conditions) revealed that the solvent is crucial for the reaction. The Pd source also proved very important, since Pd(OAc)2 at high power in DMF gave extensive catalyst decomposition and using it at medium and low power gave no reaction at all. Pd(dba)2/imidazohum salt (1 mol% catalyst loading) in DME with the addition of some DMF was found to be suitable. Oil bath experiments indicated that only thermal effects are governing the amination reactions. 

Stepwise anion coordination equilibria are also observed in the Cu(ll) complexes of ligands 113 and 114 [76]. UV/vis titrations in acetonitrile solution show that each Cu(II) complex binds two anions (chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate or thiocyanate), the first at the Cu(ll) centre and the second in the bis-imidazoHum compartment. The Cu(I) complexes of these ligands are able to host only one nitrate anion (in the bis-imidazolium cavity), while other anions induce demetallation. Cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectro-chemical experiments showed that in the presence of one equivalent of nitrate the Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox change causes the anion to translocate quickly and reversibly from the metal-based binding site in the Cu(II) complex to the im-idazolium binding site in the Cu(I) system. 

Phosphonium salts are very thermally stable, as illustrated by the TGA plots for trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride (CYPHOS IL 101) in Figure 1. Under inert conditions, the weight loss onset occurs at approximately 310 °C whereas, even imder oxidative conditions, the onset occurs at approximately 280 °C. These results are comparable to those for imidazohum salts with the same anion, but much higher than those for the corresponding ammonium salts [61[. 

Konig et al. [274] investigated the long-term stability of two selected ILs over several months under process-hke conditions with a subsequent IC-MS analysis to identify the resulting decomposition products. As an example, samples of the imidazohum-based ILs l-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIM Cl) and 1-ethyl-3-methyhmidazohum acetate (EMIM Ac) were thermally and catalytically stressed. The most obvious decomposition of a dialk)dimidazolium cation is the reverse reaction of the quaternization reaction. The typical products are imidazole derivatives and alkylated anions (reaction (1) in Figure 8.120). Further considerable decomposition products are cations with scrambled alkyl chains. These cations can be formed either due to a realkylation of a previously dealkylated... 

Kronstein, M., Kriechbaum, K., Akbarzadeh, J., Peterlik, H., and Neouze, M.-A. (2013) Irreversible thermochromism in copper chloride Imidazohum Nanoparticle Networks. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 15,... 

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