Method multifactorial

Taken as a whole, these observations show that parasite lines differ in an immune-dependent manner in their infection/expulsion kinetics. Furthermore, there is heritable variation in survival and fecundity in previously exposed hosts and quantitative variation in the immune response that selected parasite lines elicit. Again, taken as a whole, these observations have the necessary corollary that variation in these traits exists not only in laboratory-maintained isolates but also in helminth species in nature. The phenotypes under consideration here (infection/expulsion kinetics, survival, fecundity) are multifactorial life-history traits. Understanding the basis of variation in the components and interplay of these complex, immune-responsive phenotypes must be of crucial relevance to understanding the immunology of infections of parasitic nematodes. This is of particular relevance in view of current attempts to develop immunological methods of nematode control. 

By trying to address all of these issues in parallel, our aim is to increase the probability that any particular screening campaign will be successful. The factors that influence the outcome of each roll of the HTS dice are multifactorial, and altering the odds in our favor for each of these factors is the purpose of much of the methods-development activities currently carried out in most research-based pharmaceutical companies. Only by understanding the odds of different strategies and components can one build an approach that balances long and short odds. 

In environmental chemistry in particular it cannot be the last step of the investigation to produce data tables on pollutant concentrations. Multivariate statistical methods offer a tool for the investigation of the multifactorial and complex events in the environment. 

The experimental design, i.e. the combination of multifactorial plans and empirical modeling, is not limited in application to this specific case study. It can be enlarged to encompass other similar problems in the field of analytical chemistry. Other mathematical methods, for instance LMS regression (see Section 9.3.2) or PLS regression (see Section 5.7.2), can also be used for empirical modeling. 

FPSA Fractioned plasma separation and adsorption is a very efficient and multifactorial method, employing membranes and adsor-bants. (86) It is additionally characterized by the use of microparticles (2.0-3.5 pm), which are recirculated in suspension using high-speed flow (2-4 1/min) to optimize the in-line filtration process. In a further development, a special sidfone filter is applied. 

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