Chemical methanol

Methanol intoxication can cause blindness due to damage to ganglion cells in the retina. The blindness results from the accumulation of formaldehyde and formic acid, which are metabolites of methanol. Chemical compounds can also damage the visual cortex, for example, visual damage was observed among the victims of organic mercury intoxication in Japan (the fishermen of Minamata Bay). ... 

As an alternate to LNG, natural gas can be chemically converted to methanol, chemical feedstocks (such as ethylene), gasoline, or diesel fuel. Most processes start with the conversion of methane to synthesis gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. This can be done partial oxidation, an exothermic reaction ... 

Yahaya, A.H., Gondal, M.A., and Hameed.A. (2004) Selective laser enhanced photocatalytic conversion of C02 into methanol. Chemical Physics Letters, 400 (1-3), 206-212. 

D.K. Rohrbaugh, Methanol chemical ionization quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry of O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino)cthyl methylphos-phonothiolate (VX) and its degradation products, J. Chromatogr., A, 893, 393-400 (2000). 

Donkersloot, M. C. A. (1979). Concentration dependence of the zero-angle X-ray scattering from liquid mixtures of water and methanol. Chemical Physics Letters, 60, 435 38. 

Suzuki et al. [53] used methanol chemical ionization to differentiate PAHs from similar-sized heteroatom-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds. They assigned example structures to the masses observed. Since neither were their methodologies for the LPAHs able to distinguish isomers nor did they use a large reference compound set, these structures can only be deemed to be possibilities among the huge number of isomers. 

The molecular weight of the various product grades is controlled mainly by the reaction temperature, the overall pressure, and the partial pressure ratio of the monomers. A small amount of water (2 vol%) is added to the reaction mixture to reduce the amoimt of methanol chemically bound to the terpolymer in the form of ketal groups. The initially encountered problems of extensive reactor fouling and low bulk density of the product were overcome simultaneously by introduction of a seed powder (typically 4-10 wt% PK-EP-6) in the reactor prior to the start of the polymerization and the use of an excess of acid in the catalyst solution. Both the seed powder and the excess of acid assist agglomeration of the newly formed terpolymer particles. The required excess of acid depends on the desired molecular weight. 

Pons A, Lavigne V, Darriet P, Dubourdieu D. Determination of 3-methyl-2,4-nonanedione in red wines using methanol chemical ionization ion trap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 

Brinkmann, T, Perera, S.P and Thomas, W.J. (2001) An experimental and theoretical investigation of a catalytic membrane reactor for the oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol. Chemical Engineering Science, 56, 2047-2061. 

M. K. Peters-Polomik, CEH Marketing Research Report Methanol, Chemical... 

M. K. Peters-Polomik, CEH Marketing Research Report Methanol, Chemical Economics Handbook, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, 674.5002 D, July 1992. 

Kundu, A., Ahn, J.E., Park, S.S., Shul, Y.G., Han, H.S. (2008) Process intensification by micro-channel reactor for steam reforming of methanol. Chemical Engineering Journal, 135, 113-119. 

Lee, S., Posarac, D., Elhs, N. Process simulation and economic analysis of biodiesel production processes using fresh and waste vegetable oil and supercritical methanol. Chemical Engineering Research and Design. 89 (2011) 2626-2642. 

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