Metastasis in mice

Cameron et al. (1989) reported that flax oil prevented tumor formation in mice whereas mice on the corn oil and safflower oil diets had the greatest number of tumors. A diet consisting of 10% flax oil was sufficient to reduce tumor growth and metastasis in mice compared with corn or fish oil diets (Fritsche and Johnston, 1990). Although flaxseed and flaxseed oil and lig-nans have been shown to be beneficial, additional studies are needed to identify the mechanisms by which flaxseed or its components function to reduce prostate cancer. 

In addition to swainsonine, some of the other naturally-occurring polyhydroxylated alkaloids listed in Table 1 also show various anti-cancer properties. However, none of these compounds have been exploited to nearly the same extent as swainsonine. For example, the potent a-glucosidase inhibitor castanospermine (also an indolizidine alkaloid) has been reported to inhibit experimental metastasis in mice. ... 

Special attention has to be given to the following issues, which were shown to influence tumor growth and/or metastasis in mice ... 

Giraldi T., Nisi C. and Sava G. (1977). Antimetastatic effects of N-diazoacetyl-glycine derivatives in C57BL mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 58, 1129-1130. Giraldi, T., Perissin, L., Zorzet, S., Piccini, P. and Rapozzi, V. (1989). Effects of stress on tumor growth and metastasis in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma. Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol. 25, 1583-1588. 

Xanthangelol (50 mg/kg, twice daily) inhibited metastasis to the lung in tumor-removed mice and the increase of lung weight that occurred in tumor-removed mice Table (17) . Next, we examined the effects of xanthoangelol on liver metastasis in mice with intrasplenically implanted LLC. 

Kig. (27). Hffects of 4-hydroxydcrricin on the long metastasis in mice afier Ihe removal of tumors by surgical operation. 

Castanospermine, swainsonine and nectrisine have been shown to have anti-cancer activity. Castanospermine inhibits experimental metastasis in mice [106], Nectrisine (FR-900483) has been reported to induce la antigen and restore the immune response of immunosuppressed mice and these effects were assumed to be due to a-mannosidase inhibition [107]. 

Menon, L.G., Kuttan, R., and Kuttan, G., Inhibition of lung metastasis in mice induced by B16F10 melanoma cells by polyphenolic compounds. Cancer Lett., 95 (1-2), 221-225, 1995. 

Kurihara, H. et al. Contribution of the antioxidative property of astaxanthin to its protective effect on the promotion of cancer metastasis in mice treated with restraint stress. Life Sci., 70, 2509, 2002. 

Nakamura, BC, K. Konoha, Y. Yamaguchi, et al. 2003. Combined effects of Cordyceps sinensis and methotrexate on hematogenic lung metastasis in mice. Receptors Channels 9(5) 329-334. 

Inakufu M, Li C, Kanda Y, Kaewamura T, Takeda K, Oku H, Watanabe H. Beta-glucosylceramide administration (i.p.) activates natural killer T cells in vivo and prevents tumor metastasis in mice. Lipids. 2012 Epub March 20. 

J. Beuth, H.L. Ko, K. Oette, G. Pulverer, K. Roszkowski and G. Uhlenbruck, Inhibition of liver metastasis in mice by blocking hepatocyte lectins with arabinogalactan infusions and D-galactose. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol., 113 (1987) 51-55. 

Yamamoto, T., Terada, N., Seiyama, A., Nishizawa, Y., Akedo, H., and Kosaka, H. (1998). Increase in experimental pnhnonary metastasis in mice by L-aiginine under inhibition of nitric oxide production by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Int. J. Cancer 75(1), 140-144. 

Anasagasti, M.J., Alvarez, A., Martin, J.J., Mendoza, L., and Vidal-Vanaclocha, F. (1997a). Sinusoidal endothelium release of hydrogen peroxide enhances very late antigen-4-mediated melanoma cell adherence and tumor cytotoxicity during interleukin-1 promotion of hepatic melanoma metastasis in mice. Hepatology 25(4), 840-846. 

Takenaga, M., Igarashi, R., Ochiai, A., andMizushima, Y. (1999). Effect of lecithinized superoxide dismutase (PC-SOD) on experimental pulmonary metastasis in mice. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 

---