Metals stacking-fault energies

Ffom a theoretical point of view, stacking fault energies in metals have been reliably calculated from first-principles with different electronic structure methods [4, 5, 6]. For random alloys, the Layer Korringa Kohn Rostoker method in combination with the coherent potential approximation [7] (LKKR-CPA), was shown to be reliable in the prediction of SFE in fcc-based solid solution [8, 9]. 

Rosengaard and Skriver [5] have demonstrated, that in all 3d, 4d, and 5d transition metals, the intrinsic stacking fault energy, 7, can be accurately estimated from the relation,... 

The four-body term is an application of exactly the ideas introduced in section 4.5.3 and culminating in eqn (4.95). Fig. 9.32 shows the relative contributions of different atoms in the faulted region to the overall fault energy. In particular, for a series of different metals the overall contribution to the stacking fault energy is decomposed layer by layer and each such contribution is itself decomposed into the relative contributions of the pair and four-body terms. 

Fig. 9.32. Systematics of stacking fault energy in different metals as computed using multiatom interactions (adapted from Stokbro and Jacobsen (1993)).

Rittner J. D. and Seidman D. N., (110) Symmetric Tilt Grain-Boundary Structures in fee Metals with Low Stacking-Fault Energies, Phys. Rev. B54, 6999 (1996). 

Rosengaard N. M. and Skriver H. L., Calculated Stacking-Fault Energies of Elemental Metals,... 

DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION OF LOW STACKING FAULT ENERGY METALS... 

Dynamic recrystallization of low stacking fault energy metals... 

Table 9 Stacking-fault energies of some common metals...

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