Metals, bioaccumulation and

Nolan AL, Lombi E, McLaughlin MJ. Metal bioaccumulation and toxicity in soils— why bother with spedation Aust. J. Chem. (online) 2003 56 77-91. http // www.publish.csiro.au/joumals.ajc. Accessed May 31,2013. 

David CPC. 2003. Establishing the impact of acid mine drainage through metal bioaccumulation and taxa richness of benthic insects in a tropical Asian stream (the Philippines). Environ Toxicol Chem 22 2952-2959. 

Nolan, A. L., Lombi, E., and McLaughlin, M. J. (2003). Metal bioaccumulation and toxicity in soils Why bother with speciation Aust. J. Chem. 56, 77-91. 

Nolan AL, Lombi E, and McLaughlin MJ (2003) Metal bioaccumulation and toxicity in soils - Why bother with speciation . Australian Journal of Chemistry 56(2-3) 77-91. 

Borgmann, U., WP. Norwood, and D.G. Dixon. 2004. Re-evalnation of metal bioaccumulation and chronic toxicity in Hyalella azteca nsing saturation curves and the biotic ligand model. Environ Pollut. 131 469-484. 

Badr, N.B.E. and Fawzy, M., Bioaccumulation and biosorption of heavy metals and phosphorous by Potamogeton pectinatus L. and Ceratophyllum demersum L. in two Nile Delta lakes, Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 17 (3), 282-292, 2008. 

Srinath T, Verma T, Ramteke PW, Garg SK (2002) Chromium biosorption and bioaccumulation by chromate resistant bacteria. Chemosphere 48 427-435 Stephen JR, Macnaughton SJ (1999) Developments in terrestrial bacterial remediation of metals. Curr Opinion Biotechnol 10 230-233 Tabak HH, Lens P, van Hullebusch ED, Dejonghe W (2005) Developments in bioremediation of soils and sediments polluted with metals and radionuclides 1. Microbial processes and mechanisms affecting bioremediation of metal contamination and influencing metal toxicity and transport. Rev Environ Sci Bio/Technol. 4 115-156... 

Wren, C.D., H.R. MacCrimmon, and B.R. Loescher. 1983. Examination of bioaccumulation and biomagnification of metals in a precambrian shield lake. Water Air Soil Pollut. 19 277-292. 

Murphy, C.P. 1981. Bioaccumulation and toxicity of heavy metals and related trace elements. Jour. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 53 993-999. 

Bioaccumulation is a complicated process that couples numerous complex and interacting factors. In order to directly relate the chemical speciation of an element to its bioavailability in natural waters, it will be necessary to first improve our mechanistic understanding of the uptake process from mass transport reactions in solution to element transfer across the biological membrane. In addition, the role(s) of complex lability and mobility, the presence of competing metal concentrations and the role(s) of natural organic ligands will need to be examined quantitatively and mechanistically. The preceding chapter... 

Metals, nonmetals, and acids/bases released by human activities severely deteriorate water quality, since they are toxic even at concentrations of parts per million. It has to be noted that heavy metals are extremely dangerous to human health and aquatic life. But what is worse is that there is nocycle of natural treatment of these substances. Inevitably, heavy metals remain intact in the environment and finally, they are accumulated in the food chain (bioaccumulation). 

Wetland remediation involves a combination of interactions including microbial adsorption of metals, metal bioaccumulation, bacterial oxidation of metals, and sulfate reduction (Fennessy Mitsch, 1989 Kleinmann Hedin, 1989). Sulfate reduction produces sulfides which in turn precipitate metals and reduce aqueous metal concentrations. The high organic matter content in wetland sediments provides the ideal environment for sulfate-reducing populations and for the precipitation of metal complexes. Some metal precipitation may also occur in response to the formation of carbonate minerals (Kleinmann Hedin, 1989). In addition to the aforementioned microbial activities, plants, including cattails, grasses, and mosses, serve as biofilters for metals (Brierley, Brierley Davidson, 1989). 

Bervoets, L., Meregalli, G., De Cooman, W., Goddeeris, B. and Blust, R. (2004) Caged midge larvae Chironomus riparius) for the assessment of metal bioaccumulation from sediments in situ, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 23 (2), 443-454. 

Paquin PR, Santore RC, Farley K, Di Toro DM, Wu KB, Mooney KG, Winfield RP. 2003. Metals in aquatic systems a review of exposure, bioaccumulation, and toxicity models. Pensacola (FL) SETAC Press, 168 p. 

Prusha BA, Clements WH. 2004. Landscape attributes, dissolved organic C, and metal bioaccumulation in aquatic macroinvertebrates (Arkansas River Basin, Colorado). J NA Benthol Soc 23 327-339. 

Vijver MG. 2004. The ins and outs of bioaccumulation metal bioaccumulation kinetics in soil invertebrates in relation to availability and physiology [PhD thesis]. Amsterdam (The Netherlands) Vrije Universiteit, 179 p. 

S. Rauch, G. M. Morrison, Routes for bioaccumulation and transformation of platinum in the urban environment, in F. Alt, F. Zereini (eds), Anthropogenic Platinum-group Metals Emission and Their Effect on Man and Environment, Springer, Berlin, 2000, pp. 85D93. 

In aquatic systems, in addition to the complexation of metal ions by natural organic matter, metal bioavailability, bioaccumulation, and toxicity are highly affected by water hardness and alkalinity (Banks et al. 2003). This is also applicable to metal mixtures where complexation of metals can occur even at higher rates than when single chemical compounds are present. 

Martfn-Dfaz ML, Blasco J, de Canales MG, Sales D, DelValls TA. 2005a. Bioaccumulation and toxicity of dissolved heavy metals from the Guadalquivir Estuary after the Aznalcollar mining spill using Ruditapes philippinarum. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 48 233-241. 

Phenomena such as chemical and biological transformations, metal mobility, bioavailability, bioaccumulation, toxicity, and persistence in the environment frequently depend on the chemical form or speciation of a given ion, especially the metallic ions. For example, there is normally a great difference between the sorption behavior of a free metal cation and that of its anionic complexes onto mineral oxides and hydroxides. 

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