Metallic single replacement

A metal will not always replace another metal in a compound dissolved in water. This is because metals differ in their reactivities. A metal s reactivity is its ability to react with another substance. In Figure 10-10 you see an activity series of some metals. This series orders metals by their reactivity with other metals. Single-replacement reactions like the one between copper and aqueous silver nitrate determine a metal s position on the list. The most active... 

In this activity, you will use a few metals, their compounds, and dilute hydrochloric acid to show single-replacement reactions and construct an activity series. 

The standard redox potential of the reaction CeS+ + 3e Ce is -2.2336 V. The metal undergoes single replacement reactions, displacing less electropositive metals from their salts in solution or melt ... 

Iron also exhibits single replacement reactions, precipitating less electropositive metals out of their salt solutions. Thus, sohd iron can reduce many metals, such as copper, silver, gold, mercury, tin and nickel ... 

Mercury dimethyl undergoes single replacement reactions with several metals such as alkali and alkaline earth metals, zinc, aluminum, tin, lead and bismuth forming their corresponding dialkyls. 

Violent reactions can occur with many metal hahdes. For example, with zinc halides or iron halides, single replacement reactions take place. Such potassium-metal halide mixtures can react violently when subjected to mechanical shock. 

Simple Carbohydrate monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose, and galactose that cannot be broken down by water Single Replacement Reaction type of chemical reaction in which one element replaces another in a compound Smelting to melt an ore in order to refine a metal from the ore... 

Single replacement reactions in which metals replace other metals cire especially common. Not all single replacement reactions occur as written, though. You sometimes need to refer to a chart called the activity series to determine whether such a reaction will take place. 

Table 8-2 presents the activity series. To determine whether a single replacement reaction will occur, compare the two metals in the reaction ... 

Zinc metal reacts spontaneously with an aqueous solution of copper sulfate when they re placed in direct contact. Zinc, being a more reactive metal than copper (it s higher on the activity series of metals presented in Chapter 8), displaces the copper ions in solution. The displaced copper deposits itself as pure copper metal on the surface of the dissolving zinc strip. At first, the reaction may appecir to be a simple single replacement reaction, but it s also a redox reaction. 

These reactions are part of a larger category of reactions known as redox reactions (redox is short for oxidation-reduction). Sometimes these are called displacement reactions. These are chemical reactions in which atoms of one element replace the atoms of a second element in a compound. A general equation for a single-replacement reaction involving a metal (A), replacing a metallic cation in solution (B) is ... 

The reaction between lithium and water is one type of single-replacement reaction in which a metal replaces a hydrogen in a water molecule. Another type of single-replacement reaction occurs when one metal replaces another metal in a compound dissolved in water. For example. Figure 10-9 shows a single-replacement reaction occurring when a spiral of pure copper wire is placed in aqueous silver nitrate. The shiny crystals that are accumulating on the copper wire are the silver atoms that the copper atoms replaced. 

Single-replacement A metal and a compound A nonmetal and a compound A new compound and the replaced metal A new compound and the replaced nonmetal... 

In single-replacement reactions, a metal may replace hydrogen in water, a metal may replace another metal in a compound dissolved in water, and a non-metal may replace another nonmetal in a compound. 

A single replacement reaction occurs when an element reacts with a compound in such a way that the element replaces an ion of a similar element from the compound. In order for the replacement to occur, the elemental reactant must be more reactive than the elemental product. The general format for a single displacement reaction, when the elemental reactant is a metal, is ... 

Interpreting Data Write the balanced equation for the single-replacement reaction between magnesium and copper(ll) chloride that occurred in step 2. Which metallic element, Cu or Mg, has the greater tendency (or oxidation potential) to lose electrons ... 

An oxidation-reduction reaction is one in which electrons are transferred from one reactant to another. They are often called redox reactions for short. Oxidation is the loss of one or more electrons by a species. The species losing electrons is oxidized. Reduction is the gain of one or more electrons by a species, and that species is reduced. Oxidation and reduction always occur simultaneously. The single-displacement reaction of copper metal with silver nitrate solution is both a single replacement reaction and an oxidation-reduction reaction. 

Single-replacement reaction carbon replaces iron in Fe203 forming C02 and freeing iron metal. 

Single-replacement reaction zinc replaces Pb in Pb(N03)2, forming Zn(N03)2 and lead metal. 

The first category of single-replacement reactions is one metal replacing another in a compound. Aluminum must replace nickel in NiCl2 to produce nickel metal, Nifo), and aluminum chloride (Al3+ + Cl" = AlCl3). Place the formula for aluminum chloride and the symbol for nickel metal in the blanks, and balance. The completed equation is ... 

Figure 9.13 An activity series, similar to the series shown here for various metals and halogens, is a useful tool for determining whether a chemical reaction will occur and for determining the result of a single-replacement reaction. 

Activity series of metals and halogens can be used to predict if single-replacement reactions will occur. 

Thinking it Through Each of the three experiments gives some information about the relative ability of the element to displace an ion in a single-replacement chemical reaction. When a free metallic element reacts with a compound, the free element will replace the metallic ion in the compound, but only if the free element is more reactive than the element it replaces. Here are the two possibilities represented symbolically. 

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