Nonmetals with metals

To write octet rule electronic structures for the formation of ionic compounds and to deduce the formulas of compounds of main group metals with nonmetals... 

Most binary compounds (compounds of two elements) of metals with nonmetals are essentially ionic. All compounds involving only nonmetals are essentially covalent except for compounds containing the NH4+ ion. We do not consider compounds of metals with metals in this course. 

Let us describe some combinations of metals with nonmetals to form ionic compounds. 

TABLE 1.26. Reactions of Tungsten Metal with Nonmetals... 

In the previous section, the ionic bond and the reaction of metals with nonmetals to form ionic compounds were discussed. In this section, we examine the nature of the bond between atoms of two nonmetals, those elements to the right of the stair step on the periodic table. You will recall that in reactions between metals and nonmetals, metals lose electrons to form cations and nonmetals acquire them to from anions. But what if both elements are nonmetals Nonmetals, like O, Br, or N, do not lose electrons easily if anything, they prefer to acquire them. As a result, when two nonmetals bond to one another, they do so by sharing electrons forming bonds described as covalent. A covalent bond is a pair of electrons shared by two atoms. Compounds that are held together by covalent bonds are called covalent compounds, and they exist as individual molecules. Covalent bonding provides a second way for atoms to acquire an octet of electrons in their valence shells. The pair of electrons shared by two atoms becomes part of the valence shell of both atoms. 

B. Reactions of Metals with Nonmetals (Oxidation-Reduction)... 

For each of the following oxidation-reduction reactions of metals with nonmetals, identify which element is oxidized and which is reduced. 

In [9], we compared the values of AH of the compounds of transition metals with Al, Sb, and Sn, and we found that the enthalpy of atomization of these compounds increased along the iron-cobalt-nickel series. TTiis was compared with the postulated rise of the electron affinity along the same series of the iron-group transition elements. In [10], we drew attention to the fact that the same relationship was obeyed by silicon alloys rich in transition metals (these alloys were characterized by relatively strong metallic interaction). This relationship was not obeyed by the compounds of transition metals with nonmetals (such as transition-metal sulfides). 

Compounds of metals with nonmetals are nsnally ionic. Nonmetal-norunetal compounds are usually molecular. 

Samsonov, G.V., 1964, Refractory Compound of Less-Common Metals with Nonmetals (Metal-... 

The reactions of the alkah metals with nonmetals are vigorous. For example, the alkali metals (M) react with halogens (X) according to the reaction ... 

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