Metal-organic frameworks MOFs heterogeneous catalysis

Microporous materials have important potential applications for many fields of science, including gas storage, heterogeneous catalysis and chemical separations. Examples of microporous networked materials include metal organic frameworks (MOFs), " covalent organic frameworks (COFs), zeolites and microporous organic polymers (MOPs). ... 

Vermoortele F, Valvekens P, de Vos DE. Catalysis at the metallic nodes of MOFs. In Llabres i Xamena EX, Gascon J, editors. Metal organic frameworks as heterogeneous catalysts. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013. p. 268-88. 

Solid-liquid and solid-gas interfaces are important in heterogeneous catalysis. A special type of interface is provided by porous materials, such as zeolites, metal organic frameworks (MOF) and porous silica. Porous materials are used for capture and separation of small molecules. Not at least in carbon capture of CO2 from flue gas or purification of natural gas components from containing nitrogen and water. NMR and MD... 

Another approach undertaken by Lin and co-workers towards heterogeneous catalysis involved doping metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with the metal complex chromophores (Figure 10.3). The authors incorporated Ru and Ir complexes U.2L and H2L , respectively, into porous Zr604(0H)4(bpdc)s (bpdc =para-biphenyldicarbo)ylic acid) frameworks to produce MOF-1 and MOF-2, respectively, which were used in nitro-Mannich reactions of THIQ derivatives (Scheme 10.16). Conversions were generally lower for MOF-1 and MOF-2 than for cross-linked polymers or their monomeric counterparts however, these catalysts could be readily filtered off and re-used for subsequent reactions. For example, N-phenyl THIQ was subjected three times to the photocatalyzed nitro-Mannich reaction in the presence of MOF-2, which provided consistent conversions (57-59%) for each run. 

Both of the components of MOFs, metal ions and ligands, can be involved in heterogeneous catalysis. The framework as a whole can also serve as a heterogeneous carrier that hosts catalytic functionahties. The central question of this section is whether it is possible to introduce reactive centers that are designed to transform organic molecules and that wiU simultaneously not affect the organic components of the frameworks themselves. 

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