Metal Ions with Nucleotides

Metal Ions in Biological Systems. Volume 32. Interactions of Metal Ions with Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, and their Constituents Ed. Sigel, A. Sigel, H. Marcel Dekker New York, 1996. 

Interaction of metal ions with nucleotides 93CSR225. 

Metal Ions in Biological Systems. Interaction of Metal Ions with Nucleotides,... 

Sigel A, Sigel H (1996) Interactions of metal ions with nucleotides, nucleic acids and their constituents, vol 32, Metal ions in biological systems. Marcel Dekker, New York... 

A rather new approach for detecting metal ions with very high sensitivity and selectivity utilizes DNAzymes. DNAzymes are a special class of enzymes formed from DNA nucleotides. Compared to proteins and ribozymes, they are more stable, structurally simpler, and therefore cheaper. As DNAzymes often require metal ion cofactors, they are interesting sensing platforms for these metal ions [149]. 

This enzyme [EC 2.7.4.3], also known as myokinase, catalyzes the reversible reaction of MgATP with AMP to produce MgADP and ADP. Inorganic triphosphate can also act as substrate with this enzyme. See Energy Charge Metal Ions in Nucleotide-Dependent Reactions... 

A metal-nucleotide complex that exhibits low rates of ligand exchange as a result of substituting higher oxidation state metal ions with ionic radii nearly equal to the naturally bound metal ion. Such compounds can be prepared with chromium(III), cobalt(III), and rhodi-um(III) in place of magnesium or calcium ion. Because these exchange-inert complexes can be resolved into their various optically active isomers, they have proven to be powerful mechanistic probes, particularly for kinases, NTPases, and nucleotidyl transferases. In the case of Cr(III) coordination complexes with the two phosphates of ATP or ADP, the second phosphate becomes chiral, and the screw sense must be specified to describe the three-dimensional configuration of atoms. 

The following chapter will cover the reactivity of nucleotide-mono, -di and -triphosphates with transition metals. For a general survey the apparent stability constants of some transition metal ions with different nucleotides are summarized in Table 3. 

Hartman, K. A., Jr. The infrared spectra of some complexes of metal ions with nucleosides and nucleotides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 138, 192 (1967). 

Single-stranded regions of nucleic acids provide metal ions with access to all possible binding sites in the nucleotide residues. In contrast, nncleic acid tertiary stmcture, while creating some restrictions on metal binding in certain regions, may also provide other sites at which donor atoms located... 

The two metal ions are held in place by three conserved aspartic acid residues. The fact that catalysis is mediated exclusively by metal ions with no direct participation of amino acid side chains suggests that nucleotide polymerization may have originated before the evolution of proteins. Specifically, the two metals may have been chelated by RNA in the primordial RNA World that is thought to have operated before the evolution of proteins. 

The coordination properties of the nucleobases have been reviewed by Houlton (40) and by Lippert (2). In a recent review, Lippert discussed the influence of the metal coordination on the piSTa of the nucleobases (41), which correlates with their coordination properties. While the coordination properties of nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides have been extensively studied and reviewed, the number of articles dedicated to the coordination properties of nucleic acids is signihcantly smaller. DeRose et al. (42) recently published a systematic review of the site-specific interactions between both main group and transition metal ions with a broad range of nucleic acids from 10 bp DNA duplexes to 300 00 nucleotide RNA molecules as well as with some nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides. They focused on results obtained primarily from X-ray crystallographic studies. Egli also presented information on the metal ion coordination to DNA in reviews dedicated to X-ray studies of nucleic acids (43, 44). Sletten and Fr0ystein (45) reviewed NMR studies of the interaction between nucleic acids and several late transition metal ions and Zn. Binding of metal complexes to DNA by n interactions has been reviewed by Dupureur and Barton (46). 

Z. Szabo, Multinuclear NMR Studies of the Interaction of Metal Ions with Adenine-Nucleotides , Coord. Chem. Rev., 2008, 252, 2362. 

Column 3 Final products. Lists the metal ions (with their oxidation states) for which the final products are known as to whether these are nucleosides (or nucleoside-ended chains) or 2 -f 3 nucleotides (or 2 +3 nucleotide-ended chains). 

Complex Formation of Nickel(II) and Related Metal Ions with Sugar Residues, Nucleobases, Phosphates, Nucleotides, and Nucleic Acids... 

Gofactors. Frequendy proteins exist in their native state in association with other nonprotein molecules or cofactors, which are cmcial to their function. These may be simple metal ions, such as Fe " in hemerythrin or Ca " in calmodulin a heme group, as for the globins nucleotides, as for dehydrogenases, etc. 

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