Metal ingot

FoUowing the removal of the enriched dross, the required quantities of calcium, as a lead—calcium alloy and magnesium in the form of metal ingots, are added. The bath is stirred about 30 min to incorporate the reagents and hasten the reaction. The molten lead is cooled gradually to 380°C to permit the precipitate to grow and soHdify. The dross is skimmed for use with the next lot of lead to be treated. 

The very chemically reactive plutonium hydride is usually decomposed in a vacuum-tight furnace capable of attaining a temperature of 700°C. Plutonium hydride that is decomposed under vacuum at temperatures below 400°C forms a very fine (<20y) metallic powder above 500°C the powder begins to sinter into a porous frit which melts at 640°C to form a consolidated metal ingot. This metal typically contains significant oxide slag but is suitable for feed to either molten salt extraction or electrorefining. 

Figure 6. Impure metal ingot feed for electrorefining.

Dutch An obsolete process for making basic lead carbonate pigment (white lead) by exposing metallic lead to vinegar and carbon dioxide. Reportedly first described by Theophrastos around 300 BC. Also known as the Stack process because the metal ingots were arranged in vertical stacks. See also Thompson-Stewart. 

Figure 7.5 Schematic illustration of crystallization zones in a solidified metal ingot. From The Nature and Properties of Engineering Materials, 2nd ed., by Z. Jastrzebski. Copyright 1976 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. This material is nsed by permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc.

An alloy of ZrV19Fe01 was manufactured from metal ingots of Zr, V and Fe in an Ar-arc melting furnace, and the alloy was crushed and screened between 12 to 32 mesh in an Ar globe box, because the alloy is flammable in air. The alloy particles of 5.012 kg were packed in a dual cylindrical vessel made of SUS-316. After evacuated by a diffusion pump at temperature of 600°C, the alloy bed is cooled or heated to a specified temperature of T0 by the outside electric furnace. After sufficient time, electricity input to furnace was stopped. At the same time, hydrogen was supplied under a constant flow rate dented by W. Temperature was measured in several positions in the bed, and it was found that the temperature was almost uniform in the bed. 

The samples of 1 to 2 mm cross-section were cut of the metal ingots by electrospark discharge method, the samples were then glass sealed so that the visible electrode surface was of 0.5 to 1 cm [6], The electrodes were treated on concentrated solutions of H2SO4 and H2O2 in order to remove mechanical and organic contaminants, repeatedly washed in distilled water and subjected to alternate anode and cathode polarization at the potential of = 1.6 h 0.0 V during 10-15 minutes. 

To summarize the results of the investigations on a temperature field in the liquid metal ingot, one can distinguish between the marked changes caused by the ultrasonic treatment from those corresponding to other dynamic actions on a solidifying melt such as stirring, vibration, etc. which do not cause cavitation. 

Rolling mills produce two of the more important forms in which steel is sold— rods and sheets. Rods are the source materials for steel wire, construction materials (i.e., rebar and beams), steel coils, and so on. Automobile manufacturers require large shipments of steel sheets wound in large rolls. The rolling mills process hot metal to make these products, which can lead to oxidation of the metal. Ingots of the metal are sent through successively narrower rollers until the desired thickness (or gauge) of the metal is achieved. Successive rollers will produce rods of various shapes and diameters, or sheets that vary from plate thicknesses to thin foils. 

Zone melting (8) Solid Liquid zone travels through metal ingot Temperature gradient Germanium purification, Vol. 22, p. 680... 

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