Metal inflammatory system

Numerous studies have examined the effect of metal ions on the responses of the cells of the inflammatory system. It has been noted by a number of workers that Ag concentrations, which caused a total suppression of cell activity or proliferation, were occasionally preceded by an increase in cell activity (Wataha etal. 2002, Wagner etal. 1998). The mechanism by which the metal is effective in this respect is not known, but current... 

Although Mg is generally considered non-toxic, the inhalation of fumes of freshly sublimed Mg oxide may cause metal fume fever. There is no evidence that Mg produces, true systemic poisoning. Particles of metallic Mg or Mg alloy which perforate the skin of gain entry thru cuts and scratched rilay produce a severe local lesion characterized by the evolution of gas and acute inflammatory reaction, frequently with necrosis. The condition Has been called a chemical gas gangrene . Gaseous blebs may develop within 24 hrs of the injury. The lesion is very slow to heal (Ref 23)... 

The efficient removal of O2 and H2O2 vvill diminish OH formation and therefore antioxidant defence systems have evolved to limit their accumulation. Enzymic and low molecular weight antioxidants exist to scavenge free radicals as self-protection mechanisms. Some proteins exhibit antioxidant properties because they chelate transition-metal catalysts. The significance of antioxidants in relation to inflammatory joint disease is discussed below. 

Recent reports describe the use of various porous carbon materials for protein adsorption. For example, Hyeon and coworkers summarized the recent development of porous carbon materials in their review [163], where the successful use of mesoporous carbons as adsorbents for bulky pollutants, as electrodes for supercapacitors and fuel cells, and as hosts for protein immobilization are described. Gogotsi and coworkers synthesized novel mesoporous carbon materials using ternary MAX-phase carbides that can be optimized for efficient adsorption of large inflammatory proteins [164]. The synthesized carbons possess tunable pore size with a large volume of slit-shaped mesopores. They demonstrated that not only micropores (0.4—2 nm) but also mesopores (2-50 nm) can be tuned in a controlled way by extraction of metals from carbides, providing a mechanism for the optimization of adsorption systems for selective adsorption of a large variety of biomolecules. Furthermore, Vinu and coworkers have successfully developed the synthesis of... 

For hospital patients with infections, and after accidental injury or postsurgery, the systemic inflammatory response wiU affect the concentration of essential elements in circulating blood independently of nutritional status. For example, the APR causes increased permeability of capillaries and transfer of certain plasma carrier proteins and their trace metals into interstitial space. Hepatic synthesis of some plasma proteins, the so-called acute phase proteins, is also induced, so that these proteins increase in concentration in plasma, together with any metals that they carry (e.g., ceruloplasmin and copper). Moreover, there are marked changes in the kinetics of elements, with altered rates of transfer to and from the tissue. Knowledge of the effect of disease on metal kinetics and distribution is therefore essential. ... 

ACUTE HEALTH RISKS irritation of eyes, skin, and respiratory system cough particles of metallic magnesium or magnesium alloy that perforate the skin may produce a severe local lesion characterized by acute inflammatory reaction and evolution of gas. 

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