Metal displacement reactions

When a strip of zinc metal is added to a solution of copper(II) sulfate, the blue color slowly fades, and the zinc metal is replaced by copper metal (Figure 4-13). As copper ions in the solution are reduced to copper metal, zinc atoms are oxidized to Zn cations. This is an example of a metal displacement reaction, in which a metal ion in solution (Cu ) is displaced by another metal (Zn) by means of a redox reaction. Figure 4-13 also shows molecular views of this displacement reaction. 

Many other metal displacement reactions can be visualized, but not all of them occur. Some metals are oxidized readily, but others are highly resistant to oxidation. Likewise, some metal cations are highly susceptible to reduction, but others resist reduction. Zinc displaces copper ions from aqueous solutions, but copper will not replace zinc ions, because Cu is easier to reduce than Zn . Zinc will not displace ions, because... 

A metal will transfer electrons to any cation that is lower on the list. Furthermore, the list is in order of reactivity, so the greater the separation between the species, the more vigorous the reaction. Example shows how to use the activity series to predict the outcome of a metal displacement reaction. 

Electroless deposition should not be confused with metal displacement reactions, which are often known as cementation or immersion plating processes. In the latter, the less noble metal dissolves and eventually becomes coated with a more noble metal, and the deposition process ceases. Coating thicknesses are usually < 1 pm, and tend to be less continuous than coatings obtained by other methods. A well-known example of an immersion plating process that has technological applications is the deposition of Sn on Cu [17] here a strong complexant for Cu(I), such as thiourea, forces the Cu(I)/Cu couple cathodic with respect to the Sn(II)/Sn couple, thereby increasing the thermodynamic stability in solution of thiourea-complexed Cu(I) relative to Sn(II). 

Hydrogen Ingress in Metals Metal Displacement Reactions 11... 

Metal/metal displacement reactions in aqueous solution. Clean pieces of a metal are added... 

In these metal displacement reactions the atoms of the reactive metal lose electrons to m become ions. For example ... 

Metal displacement reaction. Experiment demonstrating the displacement of silver from solution by copper. (Courtesy Jerry Mason/Photo Researchers, Inc.)... 

Transport-Controlled Deposition and Dissolution of Metals Electrochemical Techniques to Study Hydrogen Ingress in Metals Metal Displacement Reactions... 

The Electrical Double Layer The Current States of Data and Models, with Particular Emphasis on the Solvent Environmental Cracking of Metals Electrochemical Aspects Metal Displacement Reactions Advanced Electrochemical Hydrogen Technologies Water Electrolyzers and Fuel Cells... 

Metal displacement reactions find many apphcations in metallurgical processes, the goal of which is to separate pure metals from their ores. For example, vanadium is obtained by treating vanadium(V) oxide with metalhc calcium ... 

Figure 4.10 Metal displacement reactions in solution, (a) Rrst beaker A zinc strip is placed in a blue CUSO4 solution. Immediately Cu ions are reduced to metallic Cu h the form of a dark layer. Second beaker In time, most of the Cu bns are reduced and the solution becomes colorless, p) First beaker A piece of Cu wire is placed in a colorless AgNOg solution. Ag bns are reduced to metaSic Ag. Second beaker As time progresses, most of the Ag bns are reduced and the solution acquires the characteristic blue cobr due to the...

Power CP, Ritchie IM (1975). In Conway BE, Bockris JO M (eds) Modem aspects of electrochemistry. Metal displacement reactions, voL 11, Plenum Press, New York, pp 199-250... 

The reactions shown in Figure 13.1 are examples of metal displacement reactions. 

Membrane Chlor-Alkali Process Metal Displacement Reactions... 

States of Data and Models, with Particular Emphasis on the Solvent Metal Displacement Reactions 11... 

Mechanisms of Stepwise Electrode Processes on Amalgams Mechanistic Analysis of Oxygen Electrode Reactions Membrane Chlor-Alkali Process Metal Displacement Reactions... 

In the first of these cases, spherical NPs were easily obtained by conventional reduction of a Cu salt in the presence of alkaline borohydride [205, 207] or ascorbic acid [206] aqueous reducing solutions. Recently, a continuous and steady-flow reactor was proposed, in which a metal displacement reaction occurred. Basically, this involved a spontaneous redox reaction between Cu ions and an... 

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