Metal discharge

A range of powders is available in portable extinguishers for fighting fires in flammable liquids and are suitable for certain solid materials, including special metals. Discharge is by gas pressure and a hose is essential. 

Since the velocity of the metal at the ladle surface is very low (vf = 0), the metal discharge velocity is then given by... 

It represents the case of the reaction at the metal electrode in which ions of the same metal discharge at the electrode from the electrolyte. It can be said that copper ions in the electrolyte (copper sulfate solution) possess a free energy GCu(ej, and those in the copper metal electrode possess a free energy Ci(ll(-ril.. Then, if a copper ion is to leave its place in the copper sulfate electrolyte structure and occupy a position in the structure of the copper electrode, the free energy change accompanying this process will be ... 

One often speaks of sparks as " gaseous discharges", since contact betw the elec- trodes is not required, while arc can be defined as contact discharges or metal-metal discharges (Ref 34, pp 4—5)... 

Cook, M.M. and Lander, J.A. 1979. "Use of Sodium Borohydride to Control Heavy Metal Discharge in the Photographic Industry." Journal of Applied Photographic Engineering. Volume 5, Number 3. 

Britton, L.G., and Williams, T.J., Some characteristics of liquid-to-metal discharges involving a charged low risk oil, J. Electrostatics, 13, No. 2, 1982. 

Water contaminants include a large number of chemicals ranging from aromatic hydrocarbons, organic solvents, and pesticides to metals. Metals occur naturally and are commonly found in areas where industrial and municipal effluents are being discharged. Metals discharged into freshwater environments can have adverse effects on bioecosystems. 

C. Heavy metal discharges into Shasta Lake and Keswick Reservoirs on the Upper Sacramento River, California a reconnaissance during low flow. U. S. Geol. Survey Open-File Report 76-49, 25 p. (1977). 

Spliethoff, H. M. and Hemond, H. F. (1996). History of Toxic Metal Discharge to Surface Waters of the Aberjona Watershed. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30(1), 121-128. 

The present reevaluation of the monitoring time series is aimed at assessing whether the reduction of heavy metal discharges entering the Baltic have had a measurable effect on heavy metal concentrations in the Baltic Sea environment. The natural geochemical... 

Besides the fact that the heavy metals in the Arkona Basin partly differ from each other in their distribution patterns, a general decrease of their contents between 1988 and 2005 can be established. This decreasing trend confirms the success of the various efforts forreducing the environmental pollution in the catchment areas of northern and central Europe, at least for heavy metals. Recently, examples for decrease of heavy metal discharges into the environment of the southern Baltic Sea have been provided by Bachor (2005), UBA (2005), HELCOM (PLC-4, 2004), lOP (2002) and so on. 

Wu. T.L. and Hoopes. M.T. Land utilization and metal discharge from the Rhode River watershed. In Watershed Research in Eastern North America, Vol. II, D.L. Correll (Ed.). Smithsonian Institution. Maryland. 1977. pp 924. 

Other heavy metal discharges (Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni) fell from 1600 tonnes to just under 1200 tonnes over the same period. 

Emissions to water it is anticipated that the planned closure of the Pernis site will reduce the phosphorous and heavy metal discharges in 2000 ... 

Generally, variations of trace metal discharge are mainly caused by the changes in suspended matter concentrations. The relative importance of the particulate forms in the decreasing sequence Al > Fe > Mn > Co > Zn > Ni > Cu > Cd has been found by Yeats Bewers (1982) from St. Lawrence River in Canada. According to these authors the lower proportions of the metals in particulate phases from St. Lawrence compared ato the data from the Amazon (Gibbs, 1977) or the Mississippi (Trefry Presley, 1976) rivers are a direct reflection of the contrasting levels of suspended matter in the St. Lawrence (10 mg/1), Amazon (65 mg/1) and Mississippi (580 mg/1). 

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