Metal-based nanoparticles

There is a need to develop a better theoretical understanding of the radiation signals of gold and silver nanostructures including Raman scattering, Mie scattering, and fluorescence. New probes composed of metal-based nanoparticles or atomic clusters should be developed to provide improved sensitivity, specificity, and spatial localization capabilities. 

Sweet, M.J., Chesser, A., Singleton, I., 2012. Review metal-based nanoparticles size, function and areas for advancement in applied microbiology. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 80,113—142. 

Table 13.11 Anti microbial Properties and Mechanism of Action of Metal-Based Nanoparticles (Bhattacharya and Mukherjee, 2008 Gutierrez et al., 2010 Russell and Hugo, 1994)...

The sol-gel process performed in low concentrated polymer-solvent solutions is another attractive route to develop hybrid membranes because it allows an in situ dispersion of metal-based nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix, achieving a suitable interfacial morphology between the continuous and the dispersed phase. Silica particles and polyimide have been frequently used to produce these hybrid membranes [107,108]. In general, hydrolysis and condensation reactions are involved in the sol-gel process, when alkoxides are involved in the formation of the dispersed phase. The advantage of using this method is the formation of an inorganic network largely interconnected with the polymeric materials mainly with noncovalent interactions [109]. In Fig. 7.10 a... 

In this chapter, we first divide NIR NMs into five species carbon-based materials, quantum dots (QDs), noble metal-based nanoparticles (NPs), upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), and narrow-bandgap semiconductors. Then, we focus primarily on the progress of their toxicity studies in the past several years, discuss in detail how the biophysicochemical properties of NIR NMs influence their in vitro and in vivo toxicity, present a broad overview of the available in vitro and in vivo toxicity assessments of NIR NMs, and finally frame the future outlook for NIR NMs by highlighting areas of exceptional promise and challenges. Our emphasis here is mainly on discussion that could offer future opportunities to design and create NIR NMs with good biocompatibility as well as excellent functionalities, rather than attempting to provide a complete historical survey. 

Metal-Based Nanoparticles and Metal Organic Frameworks... 

Metal-based nanoparticles decorated with calix[4]arene receptors to sense polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been developed by Sanchez-Cortes [ 145]. Each combination of host and PAH (pyrene, triphenylene, benzo[c] phenanthrene, coronene) gave a different signature in their surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectra, thus offering valuable information on the interaction between the calix[4]arene receptors and the PAH molecules. 

In situ incorporation of metal based nanoparticles using the newly developed photoinitiating systems... 

Metallic nanoparticles are either spherical metal or semiconductor particles with nanometer-sized diameters. Similar to nanoparticles nanocrys-tal (NC) or nanocrystallite term is used for nanoparticles made up of semiconductors. Generally semiconductor materials from the groups II-VI (CdS, CdSe, CdTe), III-V (InP, InAs) and IV-VI (PbS, PbSe, PbTe) are of particular interest. Metal Based nanoparticle are used for nanoscale transistors, biological sensors, and next generation photovoltaics [3]. 

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