Metal-based emission

Halide addition caused little change to the metal-based emission. For example addition of 30 mM NaCl to the terbium complex 7b caused only a 14% reduction in the intensity of the Tb emission at 545 nm with the monocationic complex 5b, an even smaller reduction was observed. 

However, some areas of future research need to be highlighted (1) noble metal-based formulations which do not form N20, (2) novel catalyst formulations which decompose/reduce N20 below 300°C, (3) on-board routes to form oxygenated reductants, (4) NTP technologies, (5) maintain catalyst within peak operating temperature window and (6) techniques for storing NO, emissions during cool exhaust conditions followed by re-injection of the stored NO when the catalyst has achieved light-off conditions. There is already an active research on these topics, but a further intensification would be necessary. 

The vacuum-tube diode, invented by Fleming24 in 1904 [2,3], works because of the relative geometrical shapes of the two concentric electrodes, the cathode and the anode. It consists of a cylindrical glass enclosure that is partially evacuated, bonded, and sealed to a metal base. It contains an inner metallic thin-wire "cathode" (negative electrode, consisting of W, oxide-covered W, or a Th-W alloy), placed along the cylinder axis. This cathode is electrically heated to 900 K or above, using an auxiliary filament circuit, typically driven by a 6.3-V power supply, to foster thermoionic emission of electrons from the cathode. This cathode is cylindrically surrounded by a metallic outer electrode, the anode or "positive electrode" or "plate," which is a hollow metallic cylinder, whose axis coincides with that of the cathode. The... 

Customized catalysts are also available for more specialized environmental uses. For instance, Pt/mordenite catalysts are used for the treatment of air pollutants in spray painting and coating workshops, and also to control emission in benzoic anhydride manufacturing industries. Pt-V205-S04 /mordenite is sometimes employed to purify flue gases containing sulfur compounds. Metal-based catalysts are ideal for such applications, because they work at low reactant concentrations (4-6 g/m ), high space velocities... 

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