Metabolism blood clotting

Major metals Calcium Milk and dairy products grains green vegetables and fruit Rigidity of bone and teeth. Regulation of metabolism Blood clotting... 

This sort of control is usually achieved by either covalent modification (phosphorylation or de phosphorylation as in glycogen metabolism) or by proteolytic cleavage (e.g. activation of digestive enzymes in the gut, or blood clotting mechanism. 

The absorption of vitamins K2, which are found mainly in cheese, curd cheese, and natto, is much higher and may be almost complete. Thus the nutritional importance of menaquinones is often underestimated. The vitamin K activity is related to the activation of specific proteins involved in blood clotting and bone metabolism. Clinical vitamin deficiency due to dietary inadequacy is rare or nonexistent in healthy adults, thanks to the widespread distribution of the vitamin K in foodstuffs and the microbiological flora of the gut, which synthesizes menaquinones. Only infants up to 6 months are at risk of bleeding due to a vitamin K deficiency. No data on negative effects of an overdose of vitamin K are found [417]. 

Vitamin K is essential for the activation of specific proteins involved in blood clotting and bone metabolism through its role as a cofactor for y-glutamylcarboxylase. This enzyme catalyses a... 

Vitamin K Men 120 pg/d Women 90 pg/d Coenzyme during the synthesis of many proteins involved in blood clotting and bone metabolism No adverse effects have been reported"... 

Unlike aspirin, acetaminophen does not alter the body s blood-clotting abilities and therefore does not have aspirin s potential benefits in reducing heart attacks and strokes. On the other hand, acetaminophen does not have the toxic side effects of aspirin such as intestinal bleeding and stomach ulcers. However, like most OTC drugs, acetaminophen is metabolized by the liver, and when taken repeatedly in amounts that exceed the recommended dosage, it can cause liver damage. 

Toxicity as an extension of therapeutic action is usually associated with a small therapeutic index, which is simply the ratio of the toxic plasma concentration over the therapeutic plasma concentration. It should be apparent that drugs with a small therapeutic index require the most attention and alertness with respect to variations in metabolism and elimination. Such variations may easily cause the concentration within the body to either exceed the toxicity threshold, or drop below the minimum amount required for the therapeutic effect. Accordingly, in our example, patients receiving warfarin treatment need to have their blood clotting function measured at regular, frequent intervals. 

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