Metabolic carcinogenicity

Commoner, G., Vlthayathll, A. (. and Henry, J. I. Detection of metabolic carcinogen intermediates in urine of carcinogen-fed rats by means of bacterial mutagenesis, Nature (174) 249, 850. 

Milman HA, Mitoma C, Tyson C, et al. 1984. Comparative pharmacokinetics/metabolism, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of chlorinated ethanes and ethylenes (Meeting abstract). International Conf on Organic Solvent Toxicity, October 15-17. p. 19. 

Marks et al. (71) described a method of assaying the potency of topical corticosteroid preparations by studying the antimitotic activity on the skin of hairless mice. Briggs and Briggs (72) report on the induction of skin enzymes metabolizing carcinogenic hydrocarbons by topical corticosteroids. They consider that an increase occurs in epidermal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity in human subjects who use topical corticosteroid therapy. This enzyme... 

Briggs, M. H. and Briggs, M. (1973) Induction by topical corticosteroids of skin enzymes metabolizing carcinogenic hydrocarbons. Brit. J. Derm., 88, 75. 

Nitronaphthalene is metabolized to the carcinogenic 2-naphthylarnine in the human body (39). Respirators, protective clothing, proper engineering controls, and medical monitoring programs for workers involved in making by-product 2-nitronaphthalene should be used. 

In addition to their endocrine disrupting properties, it must be appreciated that many of the chemicals in question possess more general toxic properties, which may be potentiated by metabolism by the organism. Several PAHs, PCBs and PCDDs are carcinogenic, while certain phthalate esters can enhance the excretion of zinc, potentially leading to zinc deficiency. Zinc, an essential element, plays a vital role in spermatogenesis and mature T-cell production. Deficiency may result in abnormalities of the male reproductive system, depletion of spermatogenesis and suppression of the immune system. 

I 97. Efarris, C. C. (1989). Interindividual variation. among humans in carcinogen metabolism, DNA adduct formation and DNA repair. Carcinogenesis 10, 1563-1566. 

CYP1B1 (chromosome 5) has been linked to primary congenital glaucoma. CYP1B1 is not regularly expressed in liver but is often found in various kinds of tumours. It metabolizes retinoids and many aromatic amines and PAHs to potentially carcinogenic products. 

Connett PH, Wetterhahn KE (1983) Metabolism of the Carcinogen Chromate by Cellular Constituents. 54 93-124... 

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