Mesocarbons

Coals mesophase pitch coal chars coal tar pitch carbon mesocarbon microbeads, carbon fibers semi-coke, calcined coke activated carbons premium cokes, carbon fibers, binder and matrix... 

Polymers mesophase pitch polyacrylonitrile carbons" mesocarbon microbeads, carbon fibers PAN-based carbon fibers ... 

Most commercial lithium-ion cells maufactured today use graphitic carbons from region 1 of Fig. 2. These are of several forms, with mesocarbon microspheres and natural graphites being the most commonly used. The specific capacity of these carbons is near 350 mAh/g. 

Apart from manifold structures, carbons can have various shapes, forms, and textures, including powders with different particle size distributions, foams, whiskers, foils, felts, papers, fibers [76, 77], spherical particles [76] such as mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB s) [78], etc. Comprehensive overviews are given, for example in [67, 71, 72], Further information on the synthesis and structures of carbonaceous materials can be found in [67, 70, 72, 75, 79]. Details of the surface composition and surface chemistry of carbons are reviewed in Chapter II, Sec. 8, and in Chapter III, Sec. 6, of this handbook. Some aspects of surface chemistry of lithiated carbons will also be discussed in Sec. 5.2.2.3. 

Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) particles, obtained from Osaka Gas Co., which are round graphite particles. They are also far from having a smooth morphology and have crevices on their surface. 

Activation is often conducted by processing with steam or chemical agents. Carbons activated by steam can be prepared from raw materials such as coal, peat, or lignite, which are carbonized and reacted with high-temperature water steam, in the process where fraction of carbon atoms are gasified, leaving beside porous structure. Chemically, carbon can also be activated with phosphoric acid. So-called mesocarbon microbeads (MCMBs) were produced from coal tar pitch in the Osaka... 

Earlier, such catalyst was used for the preparation of a 100 W rechargeable bipolar zinc-oxygen battery [328]. Also, nanostructured Mn02 combined with mesocarbon microbeads was prepared and used [329] in such batteries as a catalyst for oxygen reduction, which has a very good electrocatalytic activity with respect to oxygen, and in comparison with electrolytic Mn02. Prepared with this material, the all solid-state zinc-air cell... 

Liquid-phase carbonization Pitch, coal tar Cokes Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) Spherical particles... 

As described in Section 3.3.3.1, the PFA-P7-H carbon better inherits the structural regularity from the parent zeolite than the other carbons. Moreover, the pore structure of this carbon is unique and it has never been found in any type of carbon. Its detail will be explained in this section in comparison with three commercial activated carbons MSC-30 (Kansai Coke and Chemicals), M-30 (Osaka Gas), and ACF-20 (Osaka Gas). The former two carbons were prepared from petroleum coke and mesocarbon microbeads, respectively, and both were activated with KOH. The last sample was activated with carbon fibers (ACFs). All are characterized by a large BET SSA. 

Hard Carbon Graphitized Mesocarbon Coated Natural Synthetic Graphite... 

In addition to the beneficial effect on the electrochemical performance, the graphite conductive additives influence the electrode density positively. Typically, the graphitized mesocarbon or... 

Mabuchi A, Tokumitsu K, Fujimoto H, Kasuh T. Charge-discharge characteristics of the mesocarbon miocrobeads heat-treated at different temperatures. J Electrochem Soc 1995 142 1041-1046. 

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