Mesocarbon microbeads graphitized

Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) particles, obtained from Osaka Gas Co., which are round graphite particles. They are also far from having a smooth morphology and have crevices on their surface. 

Attempts were made to discover the correlation between the crystalline structure of carbonaceous materials and their capability to reversibly intercalate lithium. This correlation has not been definitely established, but still, one can assume as a certain general principle that the optimum materials would contain an amorphous matrix with inclusions of a mesophase nuclei of graphite crystallites. Such materials are various cokes, pyrographite, and products of pyrolysis (carbonization) of various polymers. For practical purposes, the industry mastered some special materials providing high characteristics of negative electrodes in lithium ion batteries. The most popular material is manufactured by the Japanese company of Osaka Gas Co. under the name of mesocarbon microbeads, MCMB it represents the carbonization product of pitchy resins under a certain temperature regime. 

Lei, Y, Z. H. Huang, Y. Yang et al. 2013. Porous mesocarbon microbeads with graphitic shells Constructing a high-rate, high-capacity cathode for hybrid supercapacitor. Scientific Reports 3 2477. 

Another high-temperature approach for generating silicon/carbon composites is to deposit silicon particles on carbon or vice versa using CVD. Xie et al. [44] reported the deposition of silicon on mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) by CVD of silane at 450°C and 500°C, but only a very small amount of silicon actually deposited on the MCMB. The material also demonstrated a very high (55%) irreversible loss. Vacuum deposition of nanometer-sized silicon particles on graphite surfaces has also been reported [45, 46]. The as-prepared anode showed an... 

In addition to the stabilizing effect of cathode particles on the electrolyte solutions at elevated temperatures, graphite-like carbon electrodes (anodes) were also foimd to reduce the thermal decomposition of bulk LiPFe electrolyte solutions. However, the reduction of bulk electrolyte decomposition coincided with reactions of the electrolyte with the anode. The surface of the carbon electrode was covered with the products of the electrolyte reduction, which formed a protective solid electrolyte interface (SEl) layer [35-37], The stabilizing effect of these anodes (e.g., based on lithiated mesocarbon microbeads, MCMB) on the electrolyte was proposed to relate to the degradation of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEl) in LiPFe-based electrolytes at elevated temperatures [32,38], The loss of capacity and power from lithium-ion cells undergoing accelerated aging experiments has been attributed to the presence of thermal decomposition products of the electrolyte in the anode SEl [32],... 

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