Mercury sulfide pigment

The cadmium mercury sulfide pigments were developed in specific response to adverse economic conditions in the supply of selenium in the later 1940s, this type being patented in the US in 1948 (USP 2,878,134). According to Moore, the cadmium mercury sulfides are virtually identical in behaviour and appearance to the cadmium selenide sulfides, but of lower cost. 

Moore (1973) Moore, E.L. Cadmium/Mercury Sulfides Pigment Handbook 1 Patton, T.C. (eds.) lohn Wiley, New York (1973)395-399... 

English vermilion inorgchem Bright vermilion pigment of precipitated mercury sulfide in paints, it tends to darken when exposed to light. ig-glish vor mil-yon enhanced line See enhanced spectral line. en hanst iTn ... 

With this, the complex iron pigment does indeed deserve to be called insoluble, as only one part of dissolved Iron Blue can statistically be found in 100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 parts of water (1029). The actual solubility would therefore be less by a factor of 102° as determined by Tananaev el al., which would come pretty close to values calculated for other so-called insoluble compounds, like mercury sulfide (HgS). However, one must consider that the chemistry of Fe3+ in aqueous solutions doesn t justify the terms dissolved or precipitated , since a multitude of complexes do exist in the... 

Between the years 1400 and 1890 the reds that artists used were extracted from plants, such as madder, or from crushed insects, such as the scale insect Dactylopius coccus, or were of mineral origin, such as cinnabar (mercury sulfide, HgS) which could be ground to a powder to produce the pigment vermilion which was much used in antiquity, or red iron oxide (Fe203) which was used by the Neolithic cave painters, or minium (red lead, Pb304). 

Mercury-cadmium pigments were developed in the early 1950s as a more cost-effective alternative to cadmium sulfoselenides. Mercury replaces part of the cadmium in the cadmium sulfide compound and eliminates the need for selenium. The resulting pigments range from deep orange to a maroon and offer a cleaner, brighter chroma than their cadmium counterparts. Manufacture is the same as for cadmium sulfides, except that mercury salts are added to the cadmium solution that is reacted with the alkali sulfide solution to cause precipitation. 

Synonym(s) Colloidal mercury liquid silver mercury, metallic (DOT) quicksilver metallic mercuryb hydrargyrum0 Bichloride of mercury mercury bichloride01 mercury chlorided mercury dichloride mercury perchloride mercury (II) chloride perchloride of mercury corrosive sublimated corrosive mercury chloride dichloromercury Etiops mineral0 mercury sulfide, blackd vermilion Chinese red C.l. Pigment Red 106 C.1.77766° quicksilver vermilion Chinese vermilion red mercury sulfide artificial cinnabar red mercury sulfuretd... 

Mercury cathode for electrolysis of sodium chloride in the manufacture of chlorine and sodium hydroxide Pigments, such cadmium mercury sulfide... 

Cadmium/Mercury Sulfides. One of the major accomplishments of the past 25 years has been the introduction of a series of red and maroon pigments based on mercury and cadmium sulfides (CdS xHgS), to replace the well-known cadmium sulfoselenides. The work was prompted by the increasing shortage of selenium and its ever increasing price. In their search for replacement for the standard... 

Cadmium/mercury lithopones n. Orange, red, and maroon pigments consisting of calcined co-precipitations of cadmium sulfide and mercury sulfide, with barium sulfate. 

Discovery Cinnabar, mercury sulfide, was used as a red pigment in ancient civilizations. Elemental mercury was known in antiquity. 

Cadmium lithopones, otherwise known as cadmoliths [1] are cadmium reds or yellows that contain barium sulfate coprecipitated with the pigment Although not discussed here, reds made with mixtures of cadmium sulfide and mercury sulfide, are known as mercadiums [2] and have also been produced as lithopones. 

Cadmium/Mercury Sulfides n CdS HgS. Pigment Orange 23 (77201). A series of cadmium/mercury sulfides of mixed crystal composition. Colors vary according to CdS/HgS ratio from deep orange to maroon. Known for high heat stability, solvent insolubility, good chemical resistance, and excellent lightfastness. CdS/HgS ratio, 89.1/10.9. Density 4.8-5.2 g/cm (40-43 Ib/gal) O.A., 33.2 particle size, 0.1-1.0 pm. Syn Mercadium ,... 

The Colour Index (1971) lists two red cadmium pigments. Cl Pigment Red 108 and Cl Pigment Red 113. Compositionally these relate to cadmium sulfide selenides (CdSjcCdSe) and pure cadmium selenides (CdSe) as well as cadmium mercury sulfides (CdS.xHgS) q.v.). Co-precipitates with barium sulfate q.v.) are also known, sometimes referred to as cadmium red lithopone Colour Index, Cl 77202). 

This is a cadmium mercury sulfide q.v.) pigment, analogous to cadmium cinnabar, of orange to red hue (de Keijzer, 1990). 

This pigment was described by Salter (1869) as a brighter, purer and clearer version of so-called orange vermilion, while Muckley (1880) stated that it was the same as orange vermilion but manipulated more carefully . Orange vermilion in turn was considered either merely mercury sulfide (i.e. identical to vermilion), a levigated form of vermilion or else compounded with chrome yellow (. v. normally lead chromate). 

The mercury sulfide compounds are undoubtedly the most important of the mercury group pigments as they include the red mineral cinnabar (HgS) and its synthetic analogue mercury(ll) sulfide, commonly known as vermilion q.v.). Two other crystal modifications of mercury(ll) sulfide occur, the hypercinnabar tyqie (P-HgS) and the metacinnabar type (a -HgS), the latter primarily significant as a black alteration product. Additionally, cadmium mercury sulfide ((Cd,Hg)S) is relevant in the context of cadmium sulfide pigments. 

A third form of cadmium pigments includes the mercury cadmiums. Mercuric sulfide (HgS) forms soHd solutions up to about 20 mol % with the oranges, reds, and maroons. The heat stabiUty is improved up to 370°C, and the costs are somewhat lower than the CP grades. The mercury cadmiums are slightly more reactive, but have excellent bleed resistance. 

Mercury (chemical symbol Hg, from the Latin name of the metal, hydrar-gyrium, liquid silver), previously also known as quicksilver is, at ordinary temperatures, a silvery white liquid metal that boils at 360°C. The metal is occasionally found in nature in the native state. Most mercury has been derived, however, from the red mineral cinnabar (composed of mercuric sulfide) that was also used in the past as a red pigment known as vermilion (see Textbox 41). The Greek philosopher Aristotle, writing in the fourth... 

Mercury is the 68th most abundant element. Although it can occur in its natural state, it is more commonly found as a sulfide of mercury. Its chief ore is cinnabar (HgS), which sometimes is called vermihon due to its red color. Historically, cinnabar was used as a red pigment. Today it is mined in Italy, Spain, and California. The best-known mercury mine is located at Almaden, Spain. It has been in continuous operation since 400 bce. 

Mercuric sulfide (HgS) is a fine, very brilhant scarlet powder that is deadly if ingested. Also known as the mercury ore cinnabar and metacinnabar, it is used as a pigment in the manufacture of paints. 

---