Mercury, speciation analysis

Qiang, T., W. Johnson, and B. Buckley. 2003. Mercury speciation analysis in soil samples by ion chromatography, post-column cold vapor generation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 18 696-701. 

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S. R. Segade, J. F. Tyson, Evaluation of two flow injection systems for mercury speciation analysis in fish tissue samples by slurry sampling cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry, J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom., 18 (2003), 268-273. 

P. Jitaru, H. G. Infante, F. C. Adams, Multicapillary gas chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for rapid mercury speciation analysis, Anal. Chim. Acta, 489 (2003), 45-57. 

The programme to improve the quality of MeHg determinations started in 1987 with a consultation of European experts. From the beginning it was clear that it was essential to examine critically each step of the methods used in mercury speciation analysis. As described below, a series of exercises of increasing difficulty were designed and interlaboratory studies were conducted in 1987-88 (first round-robin with simple solutions), 1988-89 (cleaned and raw extracts) and 1989-90 (extracts and real samples). The certification of... 

Bravo-Sanchez, L.R. Encinar, J.R. Martinez, J.IE Sanz-Medel, A. Mercury speciation analysis in sea water by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using ethyl and propyl derivatization. Matrix effects evaluation. Spectrochim. Acta B. 2004, 59, 59-66. 

J.L. Guzman-Mar, L. Hinojosa-Reyes, A.M. Serra, A. Hemandez-Ramfrez, V. Cerda, Applicability of multisyringe chromatography coupled to cold-vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry for mercury speciation analysis. Anal. Chim. Acta 708 (2011) 11—18. 

J.L. Gomez-Ariza, F. Lorenzo, and T. Garcia-Barrera. Guidelines for routine mercury speciation analysis in seafood by gas chromatography coupled to a home-modified AFS detector. Application to the Andalucian coast (south Spain). Chemosphere 61 1401-1409, 2005. 

J. J. Berzas Nevado, R. C. Rodriguez Martin-Doimeadios, E. M. Krupp, F. J. Guzman Bernardo, N. Rodriguez Farinas, M. Jimenez Moreno, D. Wallace and M. J. Patino Ropero, Comparison of gas chromatographic hyphenated techniques for mercury speciation analysis, J. Chro-matogr. A, 2011, 1218(28), 4545-4551. 

Griepink B eds.. Quality Assurance for Environmental Analysis, pp 89-110. Elsevier, Amsterdam. Horvat M (1996) Mercury speciation and analysis. In Global and Regional Mercury Cycles Sources. Fluxes and Mass Balances, Baeyens W, Ebinghaus R and Vasiliev O, eds. pp 1-31. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands. 

Brzezinska-Paudyn A, VanLoon JC, Balicki MR. 1986. Multielement analysis and mercury speciation in atmospheric samples from the Toronto area. Water Air Soil Pollut 27 45-56. 

Li and coworkers [193] reported a hybrid technique for rapid speciation analysis of Hg(I) and MeHg(II) by directly interfacing an NCE to atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Both mercury species were separated as their cysteine complexes within 64 seconds. The precision (RSD, n = 5) of migration time,... 

Drabaek, I. and Iverfeldt, A. (1996) Mercury speciation in biological matrices. In Quality Assurance for Environmental Analysis (eds Quevauviller, Ph., Maier, EA. and Griepink, B.), Vol. 13. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 308 pp. 

Jitaru, P. and F.C. Adams. 2004. Speciation analysis of mercury by solid-phase microextraction and multicapillary gas chromatography hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1055 197-207. 

C. Gerbersmann, M. Heisterkamp, F. C. Adams, J. A. C. Broekaert, Two methods for the speciation analysis of mercury in t>sh involving microwave-assisted digestion and gas chromatography-atomic emission spectrometry, Anal. Chim. Acta, 350 (1997), 273 D285. 

L. N. Liang, G. B. Jiang, J. G. Liu, J. T. Hu, Speciation analysis of mercury in seafood by using high-performance liquid chromatography on-line coupled with cold-vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry via a post column microwave digestion, Anal. Chim. Acta, Ml (2003), 131-137. 

Bloom N. S. (2000) Analysis and stability of mercury speciation in petroleum hydrocarbons. Fres. J. Anal. Chem. 366, 438-443. 

Multideterminations involving solid samples Determinations of this type using pervaporation have so far focused on speciation analysis [181]. The two most salient examples reported to date are the speciation of inorganic and organic forms of mercury (Fig. 4.23A) and that of nitrogen as ammonia and urea (Fig. 4.23B). 

Fig. 4.23. Manifolds used for speciation analysis of solid samples. (A) Mercury speciation (as Hg- and PhHgH). (B) Nitrogen speciation (as ammonia and urea). GLS gas-liquid separator, MWS microwave system, ISE ammonia-selective electrode, RE reference electrode, WB water bath thermostat. Other abbreviations as in previous figures. (Reproduced with permission of Elsevier.)...

The use of pervaporation as an alternative to the headspace technique is worth separate discussion. This is, in fact, one of the most promising uses of this approach, as revealed by two existing methods for mercury speciation and VOC analysis in solid samples that exemplify the advantages of pervaporation over static and dynamic head-space modes. Both methods were developed by using the overall assembly depicted in Fig. 4.24A, by which the analytical process was developed in the following four steps ... 

GD-AES has also been used for GC detection in mercury speciation analyses [283]. Also, an atmospheric pressure GD atomic emission source was designed for direct sampling in liquid media however, the preliminary limits of detection for elements such as Na, Fe and Pb were in the range 11-14 ppm (ca. 60 ng) for 5 pi sample volumes [284]. Specific applications to liquid and gaseous samples, and couplings to chromatographs for wet speciation analysis can be found in recent reviews such as that by Baude et al. [285]. 

Table 12.3 Applications of LC with ICP-MS detection for speciation analysis of mercury... 

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