Mercury in organisms

Pavlenko, V. B., Evstafyeva, I. A., Evstafyeva, E. V., Artov, A. M. (2000). Psychological features and parameters of bioelectrical activity of a brain at the teenagers in connection with the content of mercury in organism. Tavricheskiy medico-biologichesky vestnik, 4, 3 4, 121-125. 

This work demonstrates a simple and rapid screening method for determination of methyl mercury in organic solvent using invertase inhibition. We have shown that this method is free from interferences using the solvent extraction combined with the invertase enzyme. 

Gouverneur, P, and W. Hoedeman The Determination of Mercury in Organic Compounds. Anal. Chim. Acta 30, 519 (1965). 

Danscher G, Horsted-Bindslev P, Rungby J. 1990. Traces of mercury in organs from primates with amalgam fdlings. Exp Mol Pathol 52(3) 291-299. 

Yoshida M. Satoh H, Kojima S, et al. 1990. Retention and distribution of mercury in organs of neonatal guinea pigs after in utero exposure to mercury vapor. J Trace Elem Exp Med 3(3) 219-226. 

The procedure to replace mercury in organic compounds by lithium was developed already in 1917 by Schlenk and Holtz and it is still the method of choice for the preparation of halide-free organolithium compounds. Wittig and Bickelhaupt were the first who used a mercury-lithium exchange reaction for the synthesis of a dilithiocompound not available by halogen-lithium exchange, o-dilithiobenzene 75. 

ATOMIC MERCURY IN ORGANIC SOLUTIONS IS - - 3P TRANSITION - - T3 LINE SHAPE... 

Except neutron activation, methods which have been used to determine mercury in organic materials involve a matrix decomposition step prior to the actual measurement. Oxidative techniques involving various combinations of acids and salts have been widely used for matrix destruction (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), as have the Schoniger, Wickbold, and other bomb and tube combustion techniques (1, 6, 7, 8, 9,10). 

Various measurement techniques have been used after matrix destruction. Small amounts of mercury are generally determined by conversion from an ionic species in aqueous solution to the elemental vapor, which is measured spectroscopically by atomic fluorescence, ultraviolet, or atomic absorption techniques (1,5, 6,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16). Review articles covering the determination of small amounts of mercury in organic and inorganic samples (17) and the determination of mercury by nonflame atomic absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy (18) have recently appeared. In certain instances detection limits of 1 ng/g have been possible. 

The detection limit for mercury varies according to the design of the cold-vapor apparatus. Some workers have reported a detection limit of 1 ng of mercury (28). In cases where the method is used in conjunction with the determination of mercury in organic matrices, the lower useful limit of the technique has been found to be 1-10 ng of mercury per gram of sample (17,18). 

Mercury can be substantially be remobilized due to the change in the land-use, in particular in areas naturally elevated in mercury and in areas previously polluted by mercury. Such activities include farmland, clear cutting and water reservoirs (hydroelectric, aquaculture, irrigation). These activities may considerably enhance the release of mercury to aquatic systems and the bioaccumulation of mercury in organisms. There is a growing body of evidence... 

Hansen JC and Danscher G (1995) Quantitative and qualitative distribution of mercury in organs from arctic sledgedog An atomic absorption spec-trophotometric and histochemical study of tissue samples from natural long-termed high dietary... 

Hansen JC, Reske-Nielsen E, Thoeiacius-UssiNG O, Rungby J and Danschee G (1989) Distribution of dietary mercury in a dog. Quantitation and localization of total mercury in organs and central nervous system. Sci Total Environ 78 23-43. 

Analytical Methods Committee (1965) The determination of small amounts of mercury in organic matter. Report prepared by the metallic impurities in organic matter sub-committee. Analyst, 90, 515-530. 

Yoshida M, Aoyama H, Satoh H, Yamamura Y (1987) Binding of mercury to metallothionein-like protein in fetal liver of the guinea pig following in utero exposure to mercury vapor. Toxicol Lett 37 1-6 Yoshida M, Satoh H, Kojima S, Yamamura Y (1990) Retention and distribution of mercury in organs of neonatal guinea pigs after in utero exposure to mercury vapor. J Trace Elem Exp Med 3 219-226... 

D. Mercury in Organic Compounds (1) Test by demasking of potassium ferrocyanide ... 

W.P. Neumann and K. Reuter Silyl Mercurials in Organic Synthesis J. Organomet. Chem. Library 7 229. 

Because of its volatility, mercury in organic compounds cannot be determined by the ashing technique described above. Instead, the organie sample is piaced in a porcelain microboat and heated in a combustion tube packed with granulated calcium oxide. The mercury vapor that forms... 

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