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Mercury electrolyzer

Fig. 10J. Schematic representation of various types of horizontal mercury electrolyzers (side views) ... Fig. 10J. Schematic representation of various types of horizontal mercury electrolyzers (side views) ...
Fig. W4. Vertical votary cathode mercury electrolyzer (side view). Fig. W4. Vertical votary cathode mercury electrolyzer (side view).
Fig. 105. Vertical rotary cathode mercury electrolyzer (soction A -A from Fig. 104). Fig. 105. Vertical rotary cathode mercury electrolyzer (soction A -A from Fig. 104).
The electrolyzers producing sodium hydroxide are fed with saturated brine (300 to 310 NaCl per litre), which is prepared in most works by dissolving common salt. In mercury electrolyzers, the salt is dissolved iu the spent brine which as a rule is set free from the dissolved chlorine, and which contains after leaving the electrolyzer 260 to 280 g NaCl per litre. With the diaphragm electrolyzers, which yield a caustic solution containing 120 g NaOH and 200 g NaCl per litre, the so called return solution is added to the brine prepared by dissolving the salt. This return solution is obtained in a later stage of the process iu the course of evaporation of the caustic solutions. [Pg.293]

A 50 per cent NaOH solution, either produced directly in a mercury electrolyzer, or in a diaphragm electrolyzer subsequent to preliminary evaporation, is shipped in normal 57 or 17 ton tank cars, in 600 kg steel drums or in 50 kg glass carboys. [Pg.303]

L. calx, lime) Though lime was prepared by the Romans in the first century under the name calx, the metal was not discovered until 1808. After learning that Berzelius and Pontin prepared calcium amalgam by electrolyzing lime in mercury, Davy was able to isolate the impure metal. [Pg.47]

This yields a solution of highly pure alkali (free of chloride ions), which can be used in the manufacture of synthetic fibers. The mercury, which has been stripped of sodium, is returned to the electrolyzer. The cost of chlorine is higher in the mercurycell than in the diaphragm-cell process. In addition, the mercury-cell process is ecologically dangerous, owing to the possible escape of mercury into the environment hence, it has increasingly been discontinued in all countries. [Pg.322]

The electrolyzer and the decomposer are the two main sections of a typical mercury cell. The electrolyzer is slightly inclined steel trough through which a thin layer of mercury flows over the... [Pg.921]

Some of the first observations of luminescence accompanying electrolysis were reported by Bancroft in 1914, when halides were electrolyzed at mercury and other anodes [1], Thirteen years later luminescence was observed by Dufford et al. when Grignard compounds in anhydrous ether were electrolyzed, at the anode or cathode, by applying 500 to 1500 volts [2], and subsequently by Harvey for luminol in alkaline solution at the anode, by applying 2.8 volts [3],... [Pg.212]

In certain cases, a single-step electrochemical process can be derived out of a complex sequence of reactions. The electrolysis proposed by Ziegler35 and Lehmkuhl36, in which sodium tetramethylaluminate is electrolyzed between a lead anode and mercury in THF, is an example of complex reactions of very sensitive compounds which are translated into a simplified electrolytic procedure ... [Pg.671]

Lozano and Barba [82] electrolyzed 2-chloro-2-phenylacetyl chloride at mercury in methylene chloride and obtained derivatives of pyran-2-one and pyran-4-one, where R is H and C6H5CH2CO, respectively, at high and low current density (Scheme 6). In later work [83], the same workers reduced 2-bromo-2,2-diphenylacetyl bromide in methylene dichloride saturated with hydrogen sulfide gas three sulfur-containing... [Pg.226]

Halogenated thiazoles are reduced at mercury in a process involving two electrons and a proton to give thiazole [121]. By electrolyzing 2-bromothiazole in an acidic water-ethanol mixture, Iversen [122] obtained thiazole in 88% yield. Reduction of... [Pg.228]

The mercury cell proceeds in two stages that occur separately in two cells. The first is known as the brine cell or the primary electrolyzer in which sodium ion... [Pg.868]

Ammonium amalgam was first reported in 1805 by Seebeck, who electrolyzed ammonium carbonate solution at mercury cathode. A concise review of the concepts on the structure of ammonium amalgam is given, for example, in Ref. 200. [Pg.984]

Dr. Pontin (M. M. af Pontin), 1781-1858. Physician to the King of Sweden. He collaborated with Berzelius in preparing amalgams of calcium and barium by electrolyzing lime or baryta in presence of mercury. Author of a biography of Berzelius. [Pg.510]

If a solution of ammonio chloride be electrolyzed, the negative electrode being mercury and the positive a platinum plate, the mercury is observed to swell up, owing to the forma Uon of a spongy metallic mass. [Pg.78]

An alternative general approach to 4//-pyrans has been found recently in cathodic alkylation of 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium perchlorate224 and might be useful, especially where the Grignard reaction (Eq. 9) fails. The salt is electrolyzed (mercury electrode) in the presence of a reactive alkyl halide two-electron reduction generates pyranyl anion 197, which is alkylated with RX to 4//-pyrans 165 (11 to 36%). [Pg.197]

J. Tafel electrolyzed a soln. of 0-4 grm. of nitric acid and 20 c.c. of 50 per cent, sulphuric acid, using 10 sq. ems. of cathode surface and 2-4 amps, at 0°. The product of the reduction is largely dependent on the nature of the metal used as electrode. Some results are indicated in Table XXVII. With platinum, no ammonia or hydroxylamine was formed, and with palladium the reduction is extremely slow. Hie chief products of the reduction are hydroxylamine and ammonia. The largest proportion of the hydroxylamine is formed when mercury is used as cathode, and the conversion of the nitric acid into this can be carried out almost quantitatively. With lead electrodes, about 40 per cent, of the nitric acid is converted into hydroxylamine, and with copper electrodes only about 15 per cent. if the copper be in the form of a spongy mass, only about one per cent, of the acid is transformed into hydroxylamine, the remainder being reduced to ammonia. When... [Pg.281]


See other pages where Mercury electrolyzer is mentioned: [Pg.281]    [Pg.281]    [Pg.281]    [Pg.282]    [Pg.285]    [Pg.294]    [Pg.303]    [Pg.91]    [Pg.390]    [Pg.281]    [Pg.281]    [Pg.281]    [Pg.282]    [Pg.285]    [Pg.294]    [Pg.303]    [Pg.91]    [Pg.390]    [Pg.503]    [Pg.456]    [Pg.686]    [Pg.732]    [Pg.520]    [Pg.713]    [Pg.252]    [Pg.224]    [Pg.224]    [Pg.54]    [Pg.80]    [Pg.80]    [Pg.511]    [Pg.505]    [Pg.509]    [Pg.323]    [Pg.5]    [Pg.102]    [Pg.277]    [Pg.702]    [Pg.149]    [Pg.335]    [Pg.353]    [Pg.579]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.272 , Pg.281 , Pg.290 ]




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