Memory long-term depression

Functions of nNOS include long-term regulation of synaptic transmission in the CNS (long-term potentiation, long-term depression), whereas there is no evidence for an involvement of nNOS-derived NO in acute neurotransmission. Retrograde communication across synaptic junctions is presumed to be involved in memory... 

Manahan-Vaughan D, Braunewell KH (1999) Novelty acquisition is associated with induction of hippocampal long-term depression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96 8739-8744 Maren S (2001) Neurobiology of Pavlovian fear conditioning. Annu Rev Neimosci 24 897-931 Maren S, Holt W (2000) The hippocampus and contextual memory retrieval in Pavlovian conditioning. Behav Brain Res 110 97-108... 

Kemp A, Manahan-Vaughan D (2007) Hippocampal long-term depression master or minion in declarative memory processes Trends Neurosci 30 111-118... 

Nicotine has been shown to attenuate chronic stress-induced impairment of short-term memory [1], and LTP [2, 245], and facilitation of long-term depression (LTD) [96, 249] in area CAl of the hippocampus in adult anesthetized rats. Thus, the increase in tobacco smoking rate during stress may be a self-medication to counteract the harmful effect of stress on memory [250, 251]. 

Han et al. [17 ] discuss the impairment of working memory as one of the most important deleterious effects of marijuana intoxication. They use animal models to study underlying mechanisms. They report that the impairment in working memory by carmabinoids is possibly due to activation of astroglial caimabinoid type 1 receptors and is associated with astroglia-dependent hippocampal long-term depression in vivo. 

Most displayed decreased blood cholinesterase activity. Many were observed to have affective syndromes (anxiety, fear, aggression), sometimes accompanied by symptoms of depression. Disruption of memory was noted. Vision problems are also caused by long-term contact with OPPs [A64]. In cotton growing regions with intensive OPP use, the number of spontaneous miscarriages and stillbirths was higher than elsewhere [3]. 

MDMA (Ecstasy) No clinical uses, although it has been used for psychotherapy recreational use widespread acute hyperthermic problems midweek depression during neurochemical depletion long-term problems include neurotoxicity, memory/cognitive deficits and a range of psychiatric problems. 

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